GIS环境下1999～2000年中国东北参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征分析  

Analysis of temporal-spatial characteristics of reference evapotranspiration based on GIS technology in Northeast China during 1991～2000

作　　者：徐新良[1] 刘纪远[1] 庄大方[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2004年第2期10-14,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-Y-02);国家重大国际科技合作专项(2001DFDF0004)

摘　　要：为了实现农业持续发展和保护生态环境,该文应用Penman-Monteith公式和GIS的空间分析功能,通过建立区域参考作物蒸散量的空间分布模型计算了中国东北地区自20世纪90年代以来参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征。研究发现,20世纪90年代东北地区5～9月份日平均蒸散量呈逐年增大趋势,并以每年0.04mm的速度递增;其中5、6、7、8、9各月份绝大部分地区日均蒸散量年变化呈增加的趋势,东北平原年增长超过0.05mm,≥0.4mm蒸散地区年平均增长面积为248.73万hm2。5月份和8月份大部分地区日均蒸散量呈减少的趋势,6、7、9月份大部分地区日均蒸散量呈增加的趋势。5月和8月蒸散量的减少以及6月到9月蒸散量的增加都由东北(三江平原)向西南(辽河平原)迁移,并在空间范围上表现出一定的收缩趋势。日均蒸散量≥0.4mm蒸散地区的重心呈有规律的波动,5～9月份平均重心年际波动主要位于呼伦贝尔高原和西辽河平原两个地区,5、6、7、8、9月份重心的波动轨迹基本为由西北—东北—西南地区,空间上也逐渐由较集中变为较分散。By using Penman-Monteith formula and GIS technology, the authors calculated the evapotranspiration and analyzed the temporal-spatial characteristics of reference evapotranspiration in Northeast China during 1991～2000. The results show that the average evapotranspiration from May to September is increasing annually at the speed of 0.04 mm, especially the speed of Northeast plain exceeds 0.05 mm and the annual increasing area of region whose daily evapotranspirations is not less than 0.4 mm being 2.4873 million hm^2. The daily evapotranspirations of May and August decrease and the daily evapotranspirations of June, July and September increase. The route of daily evapotranspiration change is from Sanjiang plain to Liaohe plain, and shows a shrinking trend. The gravity centers of daily evapotranspiration exceeding 0.4mm from May to September lie in Hulunbeier plateau and Xiliaohe Plain, the track of gravity centers transfer is from North-West to North-East then to South-West.

关 键 词：参考作物蒸散量 Penman—Monteith公式 时空变化特征 GIS 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学]