控释氮肥在淹水稻田土壤上的去向及利用率  

Fate and recovery efficiency of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer in flooding paddy soil

作　　者：郑圣先[1] 刘德林[2] 聂军[1] 戴平安[1] 肖剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省原子能农业应用研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2004年第2期137-142,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30270770);湖南省重大科技攻关项目(01NKY1003-02);湖南省农科院重点学科项目(03-05)资助。

摘　　要：通过土壤渗漏装置、微区和田间小区试验,研究了15N标记控释氮肥在淹水稻田土壤上氮素的去向和利用率。结果表明,施用控释氮肥能明显地降低氨挥发、淋失和硝化—反硝化的损失。控释氮肥处理的氨挥发量比尿素降低54 0%,氮淋失量降低32 5%。尿素的硝化—反硝化损失量占施入氮量的34 5%,而控释氮肥的只占2 0%;控释肥料与尿素氮在0—80cm土层中的残留率相近。控释氮肥一次性全量作基肥施入土壤,水稻的氮肥利用率平均为65 6%,比尿素(基肥+追肥)高出32 2个百分点。控释氮肥的农学效率显著地高于尿素。Fate and recovery efficiency of (()^(15)N) labelled controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) in flooded paddy soil were studied using lysimeter apparatus, microplot and field experiment. The results showed that application of CRNF, the losses of the ammonia volatilization, nitrogen leaching and nitrification-denitrification were greatly reduce. The quantity of ammonia volatilization and nitrogen leaching losses were reduced by 54.0% and 32.5% in CRNF treatment than in urea. Losses of nitrification-denitrification made up 34.5% of N applied in urea treatment, and only 2.0% of N applied in CRNF treatment. Percent of fertilizer N remained in the 0-80 cm soil layer was similar in both CRNF and urea treatments. The N recovery efficiency of one time application of CRNF averaged 65.6%, which was higher than 32.2 percent point than that of applying urea (basal and top dressing) and the CRNF gave better agronomic efficiency of N than urea.

关 键 词：控释氮肥 淹水稻田土壤 氮素去向 氮素利用率 土壤-植物系统 氨挥发损失 氮淋溶损失 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]