片状纳米氧化锌单晶的制备和表征  

Preparation and Characterization of Sheet Nanometer ZnO Monocrystal

作　　者：安黛宗[1] 萧劲东[1] 李东英[1] 胡奎玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉),武汉430074

出　　处：《人工晶体学报》2004年第1期52-58,共7页Journal of Synthetic Crystals

基　　金：中国地质大学(武汉)211工程学术交流基金资助

摘　　要：本文提供了一种应用二步法制备片状纳米氧化锌单晶的实验方法———首先,以尿素为沉淀剂宿主,以氯化锌、碱式碳酸锌为原料,应用均匀沉淀法获得纳米氧化锌的片状纳米级前驱物;然后通过控温热分解前驱物制备出片状纳米氧化锌单晶。用扫描电镜观测了制备的ZnO单晶的形貌,并通过红外光谱对其进行了表征;讨论了溶液中生成纳米氧化锌的前驱物的热力学趋势,并对氧化锌制备过程进行了结晶动力学分析。结果表明:实验制备的氧化锌均为无色透明的片状单晶,结晶形貌为正六边形、五边形、矩形以及其它不规则形状,单晶直径在3～30μm之间,厚30～60nm;影响纳米氧化锌单晶制备的主要因素是反应物料配比、沉淀剂宿主尿素的浓度(1∶6)以及反应温度(70～85℃)。此外,乙醇的含量对片状纳米ZnO前驱物的形貌影响很大,过高(>40%)或过低(<10%)的乙醇含量都不利于形成片状纳米氧化锌单晶的前驱物。This article presented a two-step method to prepare sheet nano-zinc oxide monocrystals—firstly, using carbamide as the precipitant, zinc chloride and basic zinc carbonate as the raw materials, the precursor of the sheet nano-zinc oxide monocrystal was made by uniformity deposition method. Secondly, the sheet nano-zinc oxide monocrystal was obtained by the hot-decomposing of the precursor. The as-prepared ZnO crystal was characterized by IR spectra and its morphology was observed with SEM. The results show that the prepared ZnO is colourless and transparent sheet monocrystal with the shapes of hexagon, pentagon, rectangle and other irregular forms. The diameter and thickness of the monocrystal are 3-30μm and 30-60nm respectively. The most important factors during the preparation of nano-ZnO crystal are the ratio of reaction materials, the concentration of carbomide (1:6) and the reaction temperature (70-85℃). In addition, the content of ethanol has great effect on the shape of the precursor. More than 40% or less than 10% ethanol is unfavourable to the forming of the sheet precursor of the nano-zinc oxide monocrystal.

关 键 词：片状纳米氧化锌单晶体 前驱物 均匀沉淀法 表征 制备方法 沉淀剂宿主 尿素 氯化锌 半导体材料 

分 类 号：TN304[电子电信—物理电子学]