新生儿乙肝疫苗接种起始时间与免疫保护效果调查研究  

Investigation into the realationship between the initial time of immunization with Hepatitis B vaccine in the newborns and the results

作　　者：卢关平 黄宝明[1] 文美贞[1] 许健莲 叶秀华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江门市疾病预防控制中心,广东江门529050

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2004年第1期39-40,共2页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的　探讨新生儿出生后乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗不同接种起始时间与免疫效果的关系 ,为正确执行新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供实践依据。　方法　以分层随机抽样调查的方法在江门市区幼儿园、小学、中学各抽 2所学校 ,按统一制定的调查表进行现场调查。重点调查完成 3针以上免疫的观察对象中 ,出生后乙肝疫苗不同接种起始时间与乙肝病毒感染的关系 ,并设出生后 2 4h内接种、1～ 12月接种和 >12月接种等 3组进行比较。　结果　 3组HBsAg阳性率分别为 0 0 9%、1 87%和 7 78%。各组差异在统计学上有显著意义 ( χ2 =113 8 2 8,P <0 0 0 1)。　结论　新生儿出生后是否及时接受乙肝免疫对控制乙肝病毒感染至关重要 ,为合理利用卫生资源 ,充分发挥乙肝疫苗的免疫效果 ,必须坚持 0、1、6月免疫程序 ,出生后 2 4h内开始接种乙肝疫苗。Objective To explore the relationship between the initial time of immunity with HB vaccine in the newborns and the results. Methods In July,2002,stratified randomization sampling was used,A total of 2 587 students from two kindergartens,two primary schools and two middle schools were selected to finish a questionaire investigation.In comparison,according to the initial time of HB vaccination after delivery,three groups were divided.ie,within twenty-four hrs,one to twelve months,over one year. Results The positive rate of HBsAg in three groups above were 0.09%,1.81%,7.78% respectively.There were statistically significant difference tistics (χ 2=1138.28,P<0.001). Conclusion Vaccination with HB vaccine within twenty-four hours after delivery was the most important for controing infection of HB virus.In order to obtatin the best immunity effect,0、1、6 immune scheme and vaccination with HB Vaccine within twenty-four hrs must be insisted.

关 键 词：新生儿 乙肝疫苗 免疫接种 起始时间 免疫保护 调查 乙肝感染 

分 类 号：R722.13[医药卫生—儿科] R186[医药卫生—临床医学]