黄土高原区苜蓿与小麦轮作系统根部入侵真菌研究  

Root-invading fungi of lucerne and winter wheat in the rotation system on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：郭玉霞[1] 南志标[1] 李春杰[1] 沈禹颖[1] 高崇岳[1] W.D.Bellotti 陈文[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃草原生态研究所,兰州730020 [2]澳大利亚阿德莱德大学农业与葡萄酒学院,南澳州5371

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第3期486-494,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目( G2 0 0 0 0 1 86 0 2 );澳大利亚国际农业研究中心资助项目 ( L W R2 / 1 999/ 0 94 )~~

摘　　要：以甘肃庆阳黄土高原地区草田轮作系统中苜蓿 (Med icag o sativa)和小麦 (Triticum aestivum)为研究材料 ,分别于 2 0 0 2年两种作物的拔节期 (分枝期 )、开花期、成熟期和幼苗期 (第 3茬分枝期 )取样 ,分离、鉴定了根部入侵真菌 ,测定了分离所得根部入侵真菌对其寄主作物及另一种轮作作物的致病力。结果表明 :在试验区内共分离到 2 7种根部入侵真菌 ,包括自小麦根系分离到 2 6种 ,苜蓿侧根分离到 2 3种 ,其中 2 2种为苜蓿和小麦共同的根部入侵真菌。两种作物根部入侵真菌区系中优势种明显不同 ,苜蓿根部最主要的 5种入侵真菌按分离率的高低依次为尖镰孢 (Fusarium oxysporum) 17.0 %、大孢肉座菌 (Selinia sp.)15.4%、茎点霉 (Phoma medicaginis) 9.5%、腐皮镰孢 (F usarium solani) 6.7%及柱孢 (Cylindrocarp on destructans) 6.6% ;而小麦根部 5种最主要的入侵真菌按分离率的高低依次为黑团孢 (Periconia sp.) 15.0 %、丝葚霉 (Pap ulaspora sp.) 12 .1%、多主枝孢(Cladosporium herbarum) 5.4%、丝核菌 (Rhizoctonia sp.) 4.0 %及尖镰孢 3 .9% ;总的真菌分离率亦是苜蓿高于小麦。苜蓿与小麦的根段带菌率均有随生长季的延长而增高的特征。在试验条件下 ,参试的苜蓿、小麦根部入侵真菌对苜蓿和小麦均?A study was carried out on root-invading fungi of lucerne (Medicago sativa) and winter wheat(Triticum aestivum)under the forage legume-cereal rotation systems on the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu province, China. Roots of wheat and lucerne were sampled at spring jointing (spring branching), flowering, maturity and seedling or regrowth stage in 2002. Fungi were isolated from lucerne rootlets and the wheat root system. Pathogenicity of these root-invading fungi to lucerne and wheat were determined in the laboratory. Twenty-seven fungal species were isolated and identified from the field plots. Of which 26 fungi were isolated from wheat root and 23 fungi isolated from lucerne rootlets. Among the fungi isolated, 22 species were shared by both lucerne and wheat. They were Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. decemcellulare, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, F. solani, Fusarium sp., Fusicoccum aesculi, Gliocladium sp., G. roseum, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Papulaspora sp., Phoma medicaginis, Rhizoctonia sp., Selinia sp., Staphylotrichum sp., Stemphylium botryosum and Verticillium sp.. Four fungi including Bipolaris sorokiniana, Melasmia sp., Periconia sp. and Phytophthora sp. were only found in wheat root, and only one fungal species, Mycotypha sp was found in lucerne rootlets. However, the dominant species of the root-invading fungi in lucerne and wheat were different. The most common fungal species from lucerne, in order of decreasing frequency of isolation, were F. oxysporum (17.0%), Selinia sp. (15.4%), P. medicaginis (9.5%), F. solani (6.7%) and Cy. destructans (6.6%). The five most common fungi isolated from wheat were Periconia sp. (15.0%), Papulaspora sp. (12.1%), C. herbarum (5.4%), Rhizoctonia sp. (4.0%) and F. oxysporum (3.9%). The total percentage of fungi isolated from lucerne was higher than from wheat. The pathogenicity test results showed that all the fungi tested under the laboratory conditions had pathogenic effects on

关 键 词：黄土高原 苜蓿 小麦 轮作 根部人侵真菌 致病力 种子 幼苗 植物病害 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学]