蚂蚁对澜沧舞花姜种子散布及种苗空间分布格局的影响  

THE ROLE OF ANTS IN SEED DISPERSAL OF GLOBBA LANCANGENSIS AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ITS SEEDLINGS

作　　者：陈帆[1] 陈进[1] 刘志秋[1] 张玲 刘勇[1] 白智林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2004年第2期210-217,共8页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 ( 3 0 170 160 )

摘　　要：在野外系统观测了澜沧舞花姜 (Globbalancangensis) 1 8个果实共 2 1 6粒种子的散布过程。共有 1 0种蚂蚁参与了澜沧舞花姜的种子散布 ,距离为 0 .0 1～ 3.35m ,平均距离 (0 .4 7± 0 .0 3)m(平均值±SE ,n =2 1 6 )。其中最重要的 3种蚂蚁是横纹齿猛蚁 (Odontoponeratransversa)、大头蚁 (Pheidolesp .)和黄足厚结猛蚁 (Pachycondylaluteipes) ,其出现频率分别为 6 1 %、5 0 %和 2 8% ,散布的平均距离分别为 (0 .6 0± 0 .0 9)m、(0 .2 0± 0 .0 1 )m和 (0 .32± 0 .0 5 )m。从总体上看 ,蚂蚁促进了种子的分散 ,降低了种子的聚集程度。横纹齿猛蚁对于种子上的油质体最为敏感 ,对人工去除了油质体的种子不搬运 ,对种子散布距离较远 ,暗示了其与澜沧舞花姜之间可能存在更紧密的互惠关系。野外样方调查结果表明 ,在 3种舞花姜属植物中 ,以种子繁殖为主的澜沧舞花姜种苗之间的平均最近距离为 (36 .8± 1 .4 5 )cm(平均值±SE ,n =74 ) ,显著大于以珠芽繁殖为主的毛舞花姜 (Globbabarthiri)的 (2 9.8± 2 .70 )m(n =34) (t73 ,3 3 =2 .1 1 ,p =0 .0 37)和异果舞花姜 (Globbaracemosa)的 (2 8.7± 3.1 6 )cm(n =32 ) (t73 ,3 1 =2 .33,p =0 .0 2 2 ) ;澜沧舞花姜的种苗聚集程度 (Z =- 1 .70± 0 .1 9)显著小?Seed dispersal is a key process determining the spatial pattern of plant populations. Myrmecochory is a term referring to a plant_ant mutualism in which ants disperse plant seeds while using the nutritionally valuable elaiosomes as food. In this study, our goal was to understand how ants affect seed dispersal and seedling distribution patterns of a myrmecochorous plant, Globba lancangensis. G. lancangensis is a small perennial herb of Zingiberaceae mainly distributed in southwest Yunnan Province. It propagates primarily by seeds but also by a small number of bulbils. There are 31.2±2.13 (Mean±SE, n =32) seeds in each fruit. The seeds are 2-3 mm in length and bear a white_colored elaiosome. We conducted an observational study on the seed dispersal of G. lancangensis in October 2002 in its natural habitat in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province of China (21°59′ N, 100°16′ E; 1 180 m asl; annual mean temperature, 18.3 ℃; annual mean rainfall, 1 339 mm). A total of ten species of ants were identified that transported the seeds of G. lancangensis and their activities were recorded. The mean dispersal distance of seeds was (0.47±0.03) m ( n =216), ranging from 0.01 m to 3.35 m. Odontoponera transversa , Pheidole sp. and Pachycondyla luteipes were the most important seed dispersing ant species, occurring 61%, 50% and 28% of the time, respectively, with mean dispersal distances of (0.60±0.09) m, (0.20±0.01) m and (0.32±0.05) m, respectively. As a whole, ants promoted a decrease in the degree of aggregation of G. lancangensis seeds. Ants of Pheidole sp. collected a total of 43% of the seeds of G. lancangensis but consumed most of the seeds collected, suggesting that Pheidole sp. is a seed harvester ant O. transversa did not remove seeds with artificially removed elaiosomes and appeared to be the most sensitive ant species to seed elaiosomes. Overall, O. transversa made the most significant contribution to seed dispersal, as demonstrated by the highest visiting

关 键 词：蚂蚁 澜沧舞花姜 种子散布 种苗 空间分布格局 互惠关系 油质体 蚁传植物 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]