东北黑土区不同作物系统氮肥反硝化损失与N_2O排放量  

Denitrification Losses of Nitrogen Fertilizer and N2O Emission from Different Crop- Black Soil Systems in North- east China

作　　者：丁洪[1] 王跃思[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室LAPC,北京100029

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2004年第2期323-326,共4页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(49901010);中科院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室开放课题(LAPC-KF-2003-02)资助

摘　　要：在田间条件下,应用原状土柱培养-乙炔抑制法测定不同作物系统中氮肥反硝化损失和N2O排放量。结果表明,在东北黑土旱作系统中土壤氮素反硝化损失量很低不施肥条件下,小麦、玉米和大豆地反硝化损失量分别为0.42,0.48和0.79kgN·hm-2;施肥条件下为0.84,0.83和0.64kgN·hm-2,作物间均无显著差异;氮素损失率仅占施肥量的0.61%、0.26%和-0.58%。小麦、玉米和大豆地N2O排放量在不施肥条件下作物间无显著差异,为0.74,0.41和0.48kgN·hm-2;施肥条件下差异极显著,排放量为0.72,1.37和0.44kgN·hm-2;排放量分别占施氮量的-0.02%,0.69%和-0.14%。在玉米作物上施肥量较大,极显著地增加N2O排放量;在大豆作物上施肥量较低,表现出极显著地降低N2O排放量;小麦作物上施肥量也低,处理间N2O排放量差异不显著。A field experiment was conducted to measure denitrification losses of nitrogen fertilizer and emission amounts of N2O from wheat, maize and soybean- black soil systems in North- east China through the intact soil core incubation- acetylene inhibition technique. The results showed that denitrification loss amounts were low in the systems, which were 0.42, 0.48 and 0.79 kg N· hm- 2 respectively when no fertilizer applied, and 0.84, 0.83 and 0.64 kg N· hm- 2 when fertilizer applied, which accounted for 0.61% , 0.26% and - 0.58% of fertilizer amount applied. No significant differences appeared in three crop- soil systems. There was no significant difference in the emission amounts of N2O from the three crop- soil systems with 0.74, 0.41 and 0.48 kg· hm- 2 respectively when no fertilizer applied; while, when fertilizer applied, there existed significant differences among the systems with the emission amounts of N2O 0.72, 1.37 and 0.44 kg· hm- 2 which accounted for - 0.02% , 0.69% and - 0.14% of nitrogen fertilizer applied. N2O emission amount very significantly increased with higher quantity of nitrogen fertilizer applied in maize- soil system and significantly decreased with lower quantity of nitrogen fertilizer in soybean- soil system. No significant difference in N2O emission amount was found in wheat- soil system.

关 键 词：东北地区 黑土区 作物系统 氮肥 反硝化损失 N20排放量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S153[农业科学—农业基础科学]