鸦片战争前明清对外经济关系的比较分析与启示  

On the Foreign Economic Relations of the Ming and Qing Dynasties before the Opium Wars

作　　者：白战锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安文理学院政史系,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2004年第2期157-160,共4页Tangdu Journal

摘　　要：明代中国如能顺利通过传统经济走向衰亡的危机 ,资本主义发展的历史将会完全改写 ;清王朝本身有足够时间进入新的发展舞台并融入最早时期的全球化之中 ;经济的矛盾被严格限制于国内市场 ,高度的政治统一扼杀了制度性竞争的发展 ,使新制度难以出现、胜出甚至被创造性地模仿 ;为维持大一统的封建专制体制而耗尽对外经济所获巨额收入及全球化初期的有利环境是中国落后挨打的主因 ;全球化发展中当代人类要解决的问题不过是 1840年前明清中国问题的放大。当代中国在加强对外经济联系 ,融入世界大市场的同时 。The capitalist history of China in the Ming Dynasty would have been completely changed if the traditional economic crisis had been avoided.The Qing Dynasty could have had adequate time to step onto a new stage of development and merge into the earliest globalization.Economic contraditions were absolutely confined to domestic market.Highly centralized politics strangled competition of systems which prevented the appearance of new systems.China became backward for reasons of missing the favourable opportunities in the earliest globalization to make enormous economic profits just for the sake of maintaining the feudal autocracy.The economic problem of the Ming Dynasty of China before 1840 is the problems of China at present in globalization in miniature.Modern China has to promote cultural and political development in addition to strengthening foreign economic relations and merging into the world market.

关 键 词：鸦片战争前期 对外经济关系 大一统体制 世界货币体系 全球化 明代 清代 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济]