生物质的热化学反应特性和秸秆气化问题  

The thermochemical reactivity features of biomass and in issue on crop straw gasification

作　　者：高先声 

机构地区：[1]中国农机化研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《可再生能源》2004年第2期26-29,共4页Renewable Energy Resources

摘　　要：能量利用是生物质工业利用的主要途径。以热化学为基础的生物质气化、液化转换技术,提高了生物质的能量密度和能量强度,提升了其利用品位。如技术路线得当,这些转换产物可取代部分常规能源。生长期仅1年的作物秸秆属于高挥发分、低炭化度的物料,其木质素含量为12%,纤维素含量为75%。秸秆受热后在很宽的温度范围内(105～550℃)可转化为气态挥发物,这些物质遇热则燃烧释放能量,遇冷则凝结为焦油及水污。有效利用秸秆等生物质废弃物是一个值得深入研究的问题。There exist many uses in the field of industrial utilization, but it was a principle way to make use of energy. Based on thermochemistry, the use grade of biomass energy will be improved by the way of conversion technology from biomass gasification or liquification. If the way of technology is proper, the conversion products will substitute for a part of conventional energy. The crop straws growing for one year belong to biomass materials which are composed of high volatile and low carbonization degree.The content of lignin amount is only to 12% of the biomaterials, however, the content of cellulose over than 75% when heated up, straw can be convered to vaporous volatile in a wide range of temperature(105～550 ℃).The vaporous volatile will then be combusted by hot flame, generating heat energy, but will be condensated into tar and oily dirt by cooling.How to make effective use of agricultural and forest wastes such as straws is well worth to deliberate.

关 键 词：生物质 热化学反应特性 秸秆 气化技术 能量密度 能量强度 生物质废弃物 

分 类 号：S216.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]