玉米锌中毒可能性的研究  

A STUDY ON POSSIBLE ZINC PHYTOTOXICITY TO CORN GROWTH

作　　者：康玉林[1] 黄新江[1] 刘更另[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1992年第1期58-67,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：通过岩棉、盆钵和大田栽培试验,研究过量锌肥对玉水致毒的可能性。试验结果表明:营养液中锌浓度达到26.2mg/L(高出正常情况的200倍)、盆栽和大田土壤施锌量达到750kg/亩时,玉米幼苗地上部干物产量和籽粒产量与正常施锌量处理相比,没有显著差异,这说明锌本身对植物的毒性是极小的。锌在玉米各器官内的分配顺序为茎>根>叶>籽粒;在施入最低和最高锌情况下,籽粒中锌浓度变幅仅为17-44μg/g,可见玉米的富锌能力是十分有限的。通过计算土壤锌的环境容量,3种供试土壤在亩施750kg锌肥的情况下,1-3个月后的环境容量为每亩278-352kg硫酸锌,表明石灰性土壤对锌的包容能力是巨大的,故在石灰性土壤上产生植物锌中毒是较困难的。Soiliess culture (rockwool), pot experiment and field trials were conducted to study the possible phytotoxieity of abnormal (excessive) rates of Zn to corn growth. The purpose of the project was to provide new evidence that heavy metal Zn should not beregarded as a toxic element which might contaminate agricultural soil.The result of the experiment indicated that there were no significant differences in shoot dry matter production and grain yield between treatments with abnormal high Zn addition (26.2 mg/Lin solution or 750 kg/mu in soil) and those with less excessive or normal rates of Zn applications. It suggested that phytotoxicity of Zn in general is very limited.The magnitude of Zn distribution within plant tissue was in the order of stem >root>leaf>grain. With Zn treatments ranging from 0 to 750hg/mu, the variation of Zn concentration in grain was only 17-44μg/g.The environmental capacity of Zn of the three experimental soils calculated one or three months after addition of 750 kg per mu was in the range of 278-352 kg/mu. The calculation showed that soils had tremendous capacity to fix more Zn, therefore it is relatively hard to create Zn phytotoxic problems in (calcareous) soils.

关 键 词：玉米 锌 毒性 

分 类 号：S435.131.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]