陆地棉(G.hirsutum L.)异常棉(G.anomalum Wawr.& Peyr.)种间杂种的研究及其在育种上的应用  

STUDIES ON THE HYBRID OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. AND G. ANOMALUM WAWR. & PEYR. AND APPLICATION IN BREEDING

作　　者：钱思颖[1] 黄骏麒[1] 彭跃进[1] 周宝良[1] 应苗成 沈端庄[1] 刘桂玲[1] 胡廷馨[1] 徐英俊[1] 顾立美 倪万潮[1] 陈松[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1992年第6期44-51,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：陆地棉(G.hirsutum 2n=52)×异常棉(G.anomalum 2n=26)F_1染色体2n=3x=39,平均染色体构型为27.84Ⅰ+5.27Ⅱ+0.18Ⅲ+0.03Ⅳ。F_1直接与陆地棉回交,得到BC_1F_1。通过2-4次回交,经多年选育,得到许多宝贵的新种质。除已选育出综合性状好,早熟、高产、高抗枯萎病(或抗枯耐黄)、优质的新品系外,并得到一些超级长绒株系,2.5%跨距长度35.1-38.6mm,强度27.0-32.8gf/tex,麦克隆值4.8-3.1,为选育超级长绒棉提供了材料。The F_1 hybrid of G. hirsutum×G. anomalum showed that: the mainstem was covered with dense and long hairs; leaves 3-5 lobes, mostly 5, hairy, with folds at indentations; corolla pinkish-coloured before anthesis, with purple spot at the base of the petal-these characters made the hybrid more like G. anomalum. The large corolla, however, was a resemblance to G. hirsutum. Chromosome number 2n=3x=39; average chromusome configuration 27.82Ⅰ+5.27Ⅱ+0.18Ⅲ+0.03Ⅳ. Anthers were indehiscent. The F_1 hybrid showed low fertility when backcrossed directly with G. hirsutum, and only one seed with brown lint resulted. Many characters in the BC_1F_1 turned back to G. hirsutunc cream-coloured petals without basal spot, increased fertility, and white lint.The hybrid was characterized by its fibre quality. The quality was not so good in the G. hirsutum parents of the cross and the backcrosses 1 and 2. However, in the generations 3-5 of BC_2, fibre quality became far better than that in G. hirsutum. This offers sufficient evidence that G. anomalum has potential high quality of fibre. In successive backerosses with G. hirsutum, the fibre quality of the offspring depended on the parent variety to a certain extent. Thus, the best fibre quality was found in the progeny of BC_3 and BC_4 with Acala 3080 and PDSC -1 as their respective parent varieties.A number of valuable new germplasm were developed following 2-4 backcrosses and many years'selections. New strains with good comprehensive performance, early maturity, high yield potential, high resistance to Fusarium wilt (or Fusarium wilt-resistant and Verticillium wilt-tolerant), and quality fibre have been selected. In addition, some special breeding lines have been developed, such as super long staple with 2.5% span length 35.1-38.6mm, fibre strength 27.0-32.8 gf/tex, and micronairc reading 4.8-3.1, and big bolls weighing 7 grams and more.

关 键 词：种间杂交 回交 育种 棉花 

分 类 号：S562.03[农业科学—作物学]