生态学方法在海堤防护中的应用  

The Application of Ecological Method in Protecting the Seashore Dyke

作　　者：李远[1] 安树青[1] 孙庆业[1] 李瑾[1] 覃凤飞[1] 管永健[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2004年第2期219-225,共7页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养计划项目 (0 2 0 80 0 2 0 0 2 );地方合作项目

摘　　要：江苏省大丰市港口海堤由海滩淤泥堆砌而成 ,其土质疏松 ,土壤含盐量可达到1 2 % ,pH在 9.0以上 ,土壤贫瘠 .海堤上不易形成稳定的生态系统 ,海堤极易被雨水侵蚀 .为比较应用直播技术是否能够及时形成有效的植被 ,更好的保护海堤 ,在海堤的内外坡分别选取 3块样地为处理实验区 ,外坡样地为 50m× 42m ,内坡为 50m×38m .在邻近实验样地 ,未经处理的区域选择相同面积的样地为对照区 .收集和测定坡面雨淋沟、土壤电导率和 pH的数据 ,以及植物高生长和结籽数的数据 .结果显示 :利用新方法之后 ,雨淋沟的数量较对照组有所减少 ,而且有更多的雨淋沟分布在海堤下部 ;对照组和处理组的土壤可溶性盐含量和pH的数据没有显著差异 ;处理组黑麦草的高度和结籽数量较对照组明显增加 ,基本上形成了可自我恢复的人工生态系统 .The seashore dyke in Dafeng County of Jiangsu Province,was built with silt.The soil is loose with soluble salt over1.2%,and pH value over9.0.It is difficult to naturally establish a stable ecosystem on such a seashore dyke,and thus the seashore dyke was seriously eroded by rainfall.This study was designed to test whether the new method of direct seed sowing could establish the vegetation more rapidly and could protect the seashore dyke better than the traditional methods.Lolium perenne seeds were sowed on both sides of the seashore dyke.Three plots were chosen as the treatment,respectively,on the inner_slope and outer_slope of the dyke to collect data;another6plots as the control that were not treated by our ecological method.Each plot was50m×42m on the outer_slope and50m×38m on the inner_slope in size.The data included the quantity,volume and distribution pattern of the chases,the conductivity of electricity(CE)and pH of the soil,as well as the height growth and the seed production of Lolium perenne.The results showed that:the number of the chases of the dyke protected by our new ecological method was fewer than that of the dyke protected by the traditional methods.Compared with the chases on the control dyke,more chases were distributed on the bottom of the seashore dyke protected by the new method,which meant that the new ecological method was more powerful than traditional methods in term of protecting the dyke from rainfall erosion.There were significant increases of height growth and seed production of Lolium perenne in treatment plots compared with the control plots,but there were no significant differences in CE and pH of soil between the control and the treatment plots.All the results indicate the new method can reduce the chases and protect the dyke more effectively,and make Lolium perenne grow better.The artificial ecosystem established by our new method can maintain itself successfully.

关 键 词：生态恢复 土壤侵蚀 护坡绿化 海堤防护 坡面生态工程 植被 

分 类 号：P753[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] Q948.15[天文地球—海洋科学]