黄土高原全新世黄土-古土壤演替及气候演变的再研讨  

RE-DISCUSSION ON LOESS-PALEOSOL EVOLUTION AND CLIMATIC CHANGE ON THE LOESS PLATEAU DURING THE HOLOCENE

作　　者：唐克丽[1] 贺秀斌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2004年第2期129-139,T001,共12页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号 :1983 2 0 60 );中国科学院重点研究项目 (批准号 :KZ95 2 -S1 -2 3 3 )资助

摘　　要：文章从黄土 -古土壤的演替规律、黄土再沉积与古土壤埋藏后的次生成壤特殊性 ,揭示了第四纪生物气候演变的实质。对黄土高原具代表性的现代耕种土壤土和黑垆土的研究 ,揭示了土壤剖面内伏形成环境较现代暖湿的古土壤层 ;对于土壤剖面上部的覆盖层 ,证实不仅是人为施加土粪的堆积物 ,且包含新的黄土沉积物 ;从土壤发生学观点 ,土与黑垆土称之耕种埋藏型古土壤较合适 ;通过分辨古土壤剖面层内干旱草原和暖湿型森林植被孢粉共存的矛盾实质 ,证实黄土高原全新世曾存在茂密的森林和森林草原植被及森林型土壤的发育 ,并延续到人类历史时期。在第四纪研究中 ,通常把黑垆土作为全新世代表地层 ,以S0 表示 ,我们的研究补充提出 ,根据黄土高原生物气候地带性的分异规律 ,自南而北 ,S0 应以土与黑垆土分别表示 ,并应在S0 层上部划分出LX,说明气候冷干化的趋向及新一轮黄土沉积期已悄然来临。以上问题的再研讨 ,对第四纪生态环境演变和当前黄土高原生态环境建设的战略部署 。There have been a number of studies on the Holocene loess and its significance in past climatic change. The present paper reports new evidence from micromorphology, heavy minerals, pollen and mechanical and chemical properties of typical 'modern agricultural soils', i.e . Loutu soil and Heilutu soil on the Loess Plateau. It shows that the 'agricultural soils', which developed in the warm wet period of the Middle Holocene, consist of a paleosol underlain by the Malan loess and an overlain cover layer of modern loess, which deposited in the Late Holocene. The cover layer of modern loess originated from both newly deposited eolian material and those caused by human activities, such as application of plaggen manure and irrigation with sediment rich water. Therefore, Loutu and Helutu soils are kinds of tillage paleosols. The cover layer, which we named as L X, implys a new cold dry episode and a new loess deposition period. The results, specially that from pollen analysis show that there seems luxurious forest and steppe forest prevailing over the Loess Plateau in the Middle Holocene. New evidence may give insightful ideas for both Quaternary paleoenvironment studies and modern ecological restoration in this region.

关 键 词：黄土高原 全新世 黄土-古土壤 气候演变 

分 类 号：P642.131[天文地球—工程地质学]