渭干河灌区水盐平衡及盐分运移  

Water and Salt Balance and Salt Movement in Weigan River Irrigation District

作　　者：关志华[1] 齐文虎[1] 张红旗[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2004年第2期74-79,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(编号:G1999043509)。

摘　　要：依据实地考察与实测资料,探讨了天山南麓渭干河灌区的水量平衡、盐量平衡和盐分去向等问题。结果表明,灌区近期的排灌比为13%左右,农田、林地耗水量约占总耗水量的2 3;灌区耕地已由积盐转变为排盐,近年来灌区年排出的盐量是年流入盐量的1 8倍左右,使得耕地土壤盐渍化得到有效的控制;随灌溉水进入灌区的盐分约有1 3排入塔里木河,其余排向灌区内、外的湖泊和低洼地。其中,"干排盐"———即将多余的灌溉水与高矿化度地下水排到灌区内部低洼地的自然排水积盐方式,是减少排入塔里木河盐量,提高塔河水体环境质量的有效途径之一。研究表明,灌区干排盐集盐地的适宜面积应为耕地面积的1 3,这样既可使高矿化度的灌区排水在干排盐集盐地不入渗或少入渗,减缓对地下水水质的不良影响,又能保护毗邻的塔里木河水质环境。此外,该文还就如何提高农田灌溉水利用效率以及有效防治土壤次生盐渍化等问题提出了对策。Base on the field investigation and measured data, the water and salt balance as well as salt movement are analyzed in Weigan river irrigation district, located in the south part of Tianshan mountain. The results show that the ratio of irrigation to drainage is about 13% and the water consumption of cultivated land and forest land occupies 67% of the total consumption in resent years; the salt in the soil of the arable land has been changed from the accumulation to the drainage state. The discharged salt is 1.8 times of the imported salt, which effectively prevents the soil salinity; one third of the import salt in the irrigation water drains to the Tarim River and others discharges to the lake or the bottomland inside or outside of the irrigation district. The 'dry drainage' ——the method to discharge the surplus irrigation water and the groundwater with high salt content to the bottomland inside irrigation district, can decrease the discharged salt to the Tarim River and improve its water quality at the same time. The research result shows that the rational proportion between the salt accumulation land of the dry drainage and the arable land is 1:3, which not only cut down the drainage water with high salt content permeating the ground, but also protect the circumstance of the Tarim River. In addition, the ways to deal with the situation for improving the efficiency of irrigation water and preventing secondary salinity of the soil are pointed out.

关 键 词：水量平衡 盐量平衡 干排盐集盐地 盐分 矿化度 水质环境 水资源 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]