矿区周围土壤中重金属危害性评估研究  

Risk assessment of heavy metals contamination of soils around mining area

作　　者：蔡美芳[1] 党志[1] 文震[1] 周建民[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学应用化学系,广东广州510641

出　　处：《生态环境》2004年第1期6-8,共3页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号为49873033);广东省环保局开发基金项目(2001-27)

摘　　要：分别用总量法和连续萃取法对广东大宝山矿周围土壤、植物和沉积物中重金属的总量和化学形态进行了详细分析。结果发现,矿山废水流入的横石河沉积物中Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd的质量分数分别为1841.02、2326.28、1522.61和10.33 mg/kg;经此河水灌溉的稻田中重金属(Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn)的质量分数也远远超出了土壤环境二级标准值,其中Cu、Cd超标倍数分别为14.01和4.17倍。结果还表明,生长在矿区周围的植物也受到不同程度重金属的污染且不同植物吸收和积累重金属的能力相差很大。用Tessier连续法对土壤中重金属进行萃取发现,虽然重金属主要存在于残余态中,但在Fe-Mn氧化态、有机结合态中的质量分数也很高,说明这些土壤确实受到了有毒有害重金属元素的严重污染。Ecosystem has been badly contaminated by heavy metals near Dabaoshan mine, Guangdong province. To study its risk assessment, the total content and chemical forms of heavy metals in soil, plants and sediment near Dabaoshan mine were characterized in details by using two different approaches respectively, i.e., total content and sequential extraction. The levels of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the sediment of Hengshi river with mine drainage afflux are found as high as 1841.02, 2326.28, 1522.61 and 10.33 mg/kg respectively, which are beyond their contents in the control samples. The paddy fields irrigated by Hengshi river have been found serious pollution of heavy metals too. The concentration of these four heavy elements is far beyond that recommended in soil standard (GB15618-1995). The results show that the plants have been seriously contaminated by heavy metals. And the ability of different plants to absorb and accumulate heavy metals was distinctly different. The sequential extraction results demonstrate that heavy metals were primarily in the residual fraction. However, the percents of heavy metals in Fe-Mn oxidation fraction and organic fraction are also high. It indicates serious contamination of toxic heavy metals in soils around this mine.

关 键 词：矿区 土壤污染 重金属污染 危害性评估 总量法 连续萃取法 沉积物 

分 类 号：X751.05[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X825