急性轻、中度缺氧暴露对心理运动及反应时的影响  

EFFECTS OF ACUTE MILD AND MODERATE HYPOXIA ON HUMAN PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE AND VISUAL-REACTION TIME

作　　者：吴燕红[1] 李学义[1] 吴兴裕 杨长斌[1] 曹新生[1] 张舒[1] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学航空航天医学系,西安710032

出　　处：《解放军预防医学杂志》2004年第2期82-85,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army

摘　　要：目的研究急性轻、中度缺氧暴露对心理运动及视觉反应时的影响 ,为以后探索缺氧对认知工效影响的防护措施提供科学依据。方法利用低压舱模拟 30 0m (对照高度 )、2 80 0m、36 0 0m、4 40 0m高度缺氧暴露 1h ,考察了 1 8名健康男性青年受试者指叩测验、简单反应时和选择反应时的变化。结果受试者血氧饱和度 (SaO2 )由地面对照值 98.4 %分别降至 90 .1 %、81 .9%和 74 .9%。 2 80 0m缺氧暴露 1h心理运动绩效的各个参数无显著改变 (P >0 .0 5 )。 36 0 0m、4 40 0m缺氧暴露时选择反应时的平均反应时明显延长〔分别为 (31 6 .1± 30 .6 )ms ,(338.1± 2 7.6 )msvs(2 76 .2± 38.0 )ms ,P <0 .0 1〕 ,运动绩效也显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且随着高度的增加进一步加重 (P <0 .0 1 )。而简单反应时和指叩测验的绩效暴露于 4 40 0m时仍无显著改变 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论急性缺氧暴露于 2 80 0m高度 1h并未对心理运动产生严重影响 ,而暴露于 36 0Objective To study the psychomotor performance of the subjects after exposure to acute mild and moderate hypoxia, and to assess the changes of visual reaction time at different altitudes,so as to provide scientific basis for further study of the prevention from hypoxic effect on cognitive and motor performance. Methods Eighteen healthy male volunteers performed tapping test, simple reaction time (SRT) and 4-choice reaction time (CRT) test at 300 m above sea level as control and at altitude of 2 800 m, 3 600 m, and 4 400 m for 1 h by means of a hypobaric chamber simulation. Results At 2 800 m, 3 600 m, 4 400 m, the SaO 2 in subjects decreased from 98%(control) to 90%,82%, 74% respectively. All the psychomotor performance parameters tested did not show any significant change after exposure to 2 800 m for 1 h compared to control level (P>0.05). However, the mean reaction time of 4-choice reaction time test at 3 600 m and 4 400 m for 1 h was significantly prolonged〔 (316.1±30.6) ms, (338.1±27.6) ms repectively vs (276.2±38.0) ms, P<0.01 〕. The performances were also decreased as the altitude increased ( P<0.05, P< 0.01 ). No significant differences were found in finger tapping and simple reaction time tests even at altitude of 4 400 m (P>0.05). Conclusion There were no obvious damages found after exposure to high altitude of 2 800 m for 1 h. However, negative effects on visual reaction time and psychomotor performance were observed after exposure to ≥ 3 600 m altitude level.

关 键 词：急性缺氧 心理运动 反应时 工效 

分 类 号：R852[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] B845.66[医药卫生—临床医学]