塔里木河中游植物种群在四种环境梯度上的生态位特征  

Niche characteristics of plants on four environmental gradients in middle reaches of Tarim River.

作　　者：刘加珍[1] 陈亚宁[1] 张元明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2004年第4期549-555,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金 ( 90 10 2 0 0 7);中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目 (KZCXL 0 8 0 3 )

摘　　要：分析了塔里木河中游 19种植物在土壤含水量、土壤有机质、土壤 pH值和土壤总含盐量各资源维上的生态位宽度和生态位重叠 .结果表明 ,按照各资源维上生态位宽度平均值的大小可把 19种植物分成 3类 ,第一类群的物种是该流域植物群落中的建群种 ,对荒漠河岸环境有良好的适应性 ;第二类群的物种对环境资源的利用能力较弱于第一类群的物种 ;第三类群的物种中 ,大部分植物对流域环境的生态适应性较弱 ,但个别植物生态位宽度变窄有其特定的原因 .从 4个资源维、19种植物生态位重叠指数的变化上可以看出 ,该地区物种在一定程度上对环境资源需求分化或者物种的生态位发生位移 ,致使种对间生态位重叠程度降低 。Tarim River is the longest continental river in China.Along its either bank,the natural vegetation belts are composed of arbors,shrubs and grasses.In this paper,the niche breadths and overlaps of nineteen species on four environmental gradients in the middle reaches of Tarim River were calculated and analyzed.The results showed that the nineteen species could be divided into three groups,based on their average niche breadths.Group one included Populus euphratica,Tamarix ramosissima,T.hispida,Lycium ruthernicum,Alhagi sparsifolia and Phragmites australis,which were constructive species in Tarim River and their niche breadths were greater.Group two included T.leptostachys,Aeluropus pungens,Poacynum hendersonii,Cynanchum sibiricum,Karelinia caspica,Inula salsoloides,Taraxacum sp.,and Hexinia polydichotoma,and their niche breadths were smaller than that of group one.Group three included Halimodendron halodendron,Glycyrrhiza inflata,Calamagrostis pseudophragmites,Salsola sp.,and Sophora alapecuroides.Based on the niche overlaps matrix,the niche overlaps of the plant species pairs were generally smaller on all the four environmental gradients,because of their probable niche shift or the demand for different environmental resources.Soil moisture and soil salinity were the important environmental factors limiting the plant distribution in the middle reaches of Tarim River.

关 键 词：塔里木河中游 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 物种 新疆 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]