地幔柱的识别和演化研究述评  

IDENTIFICATION AND EVOLUTION OF MANTLE PLUME: AN OVERVIEW

作　　者：贺世杰[1] 郭锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2003年第3期433-439,共7页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"扬子 /华北东段碰撞边界的中生代火山岩地球化学约束"(编号 :40 0 730 11);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"大陆地幔柱剖析及其成矿效应"(编号 :G19990 432 0 5 )资助

摘　　要：地幔柱的研究已逐渐成为人类认识地球深部动力学机制的重要手段 ,其诞生—演化与LIPs形成、超大陆裂解以及生物大灭绝事件密切相关。近几十年来 ,对地幔柱的研究和探索取得了重要进展 ,尤其是动态地幔柱模式 (time dependent)的提出将这一研究热点推向了新的台阶。综合了近些年在地幔柱识别和演化方面的研究资料对前人工作进行总结 ,归结为以下几个主要方面 :地幔柱的时空尺度及其与热点、溢流玄武岩、地壳抬升间的联系 ;地幔柱的热和物质起源 ;地幔柱上升和演化的动力学基础。目前仍存在的问题包括 :地幔柱是主动还是被动上涌 ?地幔柱起源于上—下地幔还是核—幔边界 ?OIB是否代表原始地幔柱的熔融岩浆 ?无疑这些问题的深入探索将拓宽人类对核幔耦合。Study on mantle plume activity and its derivative outcrops has become an important way to unravel the deep geodynamic process of the Earth. It is widely accepted that the upwelling of mantle plume is closely associated with LIPs (Large Igneous Provinces), breakups of supercontinent and mass extinctions. In the recent decades, much advance has been achieved in understanding the movement and origin of identified upwelling mantle plume, of which the hypothesis of time-dependent mantle plume model provide a new thought for its evolution and plume-related magmas. This paper summarizes the major progresses in the identification and evolution of mantle plume during the past decades as below: ①The time-space scale of mantle plume and its relationship with hotspot, flood basalts, surface uplift; ② The origin of the tremendous heat and mass transferred by mantle plume to the Ear th's surface; ③The fundamental conditions for u pwelling and temporal evolution of mantle plume. Additionally, some of issues are controversy on mantle plume as the following aspects: ①Active versus passive upwelling? ②Origin from upper mantle-lower mantle boundary or the core-mantle boundary? ③Original or mixed sources represented by OIBs and CFBs? The answers to these issues will naturally be crucial to understand the coupling between core and mantle, mantle convection model and surface mass and heat responses induced by deep geodynamic processes.

关 键 词：地幔柱 热点 识别 演变 

分 类 号：P542.5[天文地球—构造地质学]