被动吸烟致神经管缺陷的形态学观察  

Morphological study on the neural tube defects caused by passive smoking

作　　者：王东[1] 于向民[2] 

机构地区：[1]滨州医学院组织学与胚胎学教研室,滨州256603 [2]青岛大学医学院组织学与胚胎学教研室

出　　处：《卫生研究》2004年第2期147-150,F004,共5页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目 (No .Y98130 4 2 )

摘　　要：目的　探讨香烟烟雾致畸的可能机理。方法　利用体视显微镜和电镜技术 ,观察被动吸烟对金黄地鼠神经管形成的影响及神经上皮细胞超微结构的变化。结果　被动吸烟对胚胎有显著的致畸作用 (χ2 =5 1 2 8,P <0 0 1) ,香烟烟雾导致的神经管畸形主要表现为脊柱裂、露脑等。各被动吸烟组胚胎神经上皮细胞排列不规则 ,细胞间隙增宽 ,游离面微绒毛短缩 ,有的微绒毛末端膨大 ,甚至形成若干不规则的胞质突起 ;细胞质中出现许多空泡 ,线粒体膨胀 ,嵴减少甚至消失 ,有的线粒体伸长 ;细胞核形态不规则 ,核周间隙局部扩张 ,可见有形物质 ,异染色质增多 ,细胞核固缩或裂解现象增多 ;有的死亡细胞裂解形成多个凋亡小体 ,在其邻近的正常细胞质内可见被吞噬的凋亡小体。结论　被动吸烟能引起金黄地鼠胚胎神经系统发育异常 ,诱导神经上皮及其周围间充质细胞变性、死亡 ,使细胞数量减少 ,从而导致了神经管的形成和分化异常 ,使神经管延迟闭合或不闭合。Objective To investigate the possible mechanisms of teratogenesis caused by passive smoking. Methods\ The stereomicroscope and electron microscope were used to observe the effects of passive smoking on the development of golden hamsters' neural tube and alternations of neuroepithelial ultrastructures. Results\ Passive smoking could induce teratogenesis during neurulation ( χ 2 =51 28, P <0 01). The main forms of neural tube defects were spina bifida, exencephaly ,and so on. In embryoes of every passive smoking group, neuroepithelial cells arranged irregularly. The intercellular spaces became wide. The apical portion of many neuroepithelial cells bulged out into the lumen and many microvilli were shorted and swollen. A lot of vacuolation appeared in the cytoplasm. The cristae of mitochondria reduced even disappeared, and some mitochondria became elongate. Irregular nuclear, increased heterochromatin and karyopycnosis/karyorrhexis were observed easily. Perinuclear cisternae partially swollen and embraced tangible material. Some death cell's decomposed a lot of apoptotic bodies. Most of the apoptotic bodies were found within the cytoplasm of otherwise healthy-looking or healthy cells. Conclusion\ These data prove that passive smoking can cause dymorphogenesis of the neural tube. And tobacco smoking might induce excess degeneration, death, and cells loss in the neural tube and mesenchyme, thereby resulting in failure of formation and differentiation of neural tube.

关 键 词：香烟烟雾 神经管缺陷 胚胎发育 金黄地鼠 

分 类 号：R321.6[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] Q593.2[医药卫生—基础医学]