别嘌呤醇引致药物超敏综合征(附7例分析)  

Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome Caused by Allopurinol:Analysis of 7 Cases

作　　者：杨健[1] 杨文林[1] 张红娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州医学院第二附属医院皮肤科,广东广州510260

出　　处：《中国皮肤性病学杂志》2004年第2期101-102,共2页The Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology

摘　　要：目的　分析别嘌呤醇超敏综合征 (AHS)的临床特点并进行讨论。方法　了解 7例AHS病人别嘌呤醇的使用剂量和疗程 ,归纳其临床特点。结果　病人平均 65 .3± 11.6岁 ,服用别嘌呤醇 (0 .1g/d)疗程平均 6.4± 3 .1周 (3～10周 ) ,发疹潜伏期平均为 5 .0± 2 .0周 (3～ 8周 )。全部病例均有发热、皮疹、白细胞增多、嗜酸粒细胞增多、血清肌酶升高 ,常伴有肝损害 ,严重者有肾脏受累 ,死亡率 14 .3 %(1/7)。结论　AHS具有潜伏期长、病情重、易反复和死亡率高的特点 ,其发生难以预测 ,只有通过严格掌握应用适应症、并根据病人的肾功能调整给药剂量来减少AHS的发生。Objective To analysis and discuss the clinic features of allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS). Methods To make out the data from 7 cases of AHS,included daily dosage of allopurinol, duration of treatment and clinic features.Results The mean age of seven patients was 65.3±11.6 years.They took allopurinol (0.1g/d) for 6.4±3.1 weeks (3 to 10 weeks).Drug rash begins 5.0±2.0 weeks (3 to 8 weeks) after starting allopurinol.Fever,rash,leukocytosis,eosinophilia and increase of serum muscular enzyme can be seen in all patients.Hepatocellular injury was common.Renal involved in severe cases.mortality rate of AHS was 14.3%(1/7).Conclusion AHS characterised by long incubation period,severe condition,relapse and high mortality rate.As there is no way to predict the occurrence of AHS,the only means of minimizeing the incidence of AHS is to limit the allopurinol therapy to accepted indications and to adjust the dosage for the patient's renal function.

关 键 词：别嘌呤醇 药物超敏综合征 药物不良反应 临床特点 发病机理 预防 治疗 

分 类 号：R976[医药卫生—药品] R595.3[医药卫生—药学]