超高产水稻培矮64S/E32及其亲本叶片的光氧化特性和遗传特点  

The Characteristics of Photooxidation and Genetic Performance in Leaves of Super High-yielding Hybrid Rice Peiai 64S/E32 and Its Parental Lines

作　　者：欧志英[1] 彭长连[1] 林桂珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物研究所,广东广州510650

出　　处：《作物学报》2004年第4期308-314,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划 (G19980 10 10 0 )项目资助

摘　　要：通过外源甲基紫精 (MV)光氧化处理 (2 0 0 μmol LMV ,PPFD 2 0 0 0 μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1 ,1h)研究超高产杂交水稻培矮6 4S E32及其父本 (E32 )、母本 (培矮 6 4S)叶片的耐光氧化性及其生理机理。与只照强光的对照相比 ,光氧化导致电解质渗漏率增加 ,膜脂过氧化加剧 ,降低PSⅡ活性 (Fv Fm 、ΦPSⅡ)及叶绿素荧光猝灭 (qP,NPQ) ,增加抗光氧化保护酶 (SOD ,APX)的活性 ,高产杂交水稻培矮 6 4S E32的这些参数的变化表现出杂种优势 (中亲或超亲优势 ) ,且偏向于母本。结果表明相对于含有粳稻成分的母本和高产子代而言 ,籼稻父本是光氧化敏感型 ,而子代超高产水稻耐光氧化的特性主要受含粳稻成分的籼稻母本的遗传控制。后者的耐光氧化特性在于在光氧化条件下光合膜和PSⅡ功能的相对稳定及较高的抗氧化保护酶活性而增强的活性氧消除能力。Photooxidative characteristics and physiological mechanism in leaves of super high yielding hybrid rice Peiai 64S/E32 and its parental lines were investigated by photooxidative treatment mediated with 200 μmol/L of exogenous methyl viologen(MV) under a PPFD of 2 000 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 for 1 h. Membrane leakage rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were assayed and analyzed. Photooxidation enhanced electrolyte leakage rate and lipid peroxidation, reduced the PSⅡ activity (expressed as F v/ F m, Φ PSⅡ ), chlorophyll fluorescence quenching coefficient ( q P, NPQ) and photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate. Meanwhile, the activities of endogenous protective enzymes SOD and APX were induced to a significant high level under photooxidaiton condition. All of these parameters in super high yielding hybrid rice Peiai 64S/E32 showed a heterobeltiosis or intermediate heterosis closed to the maternal line Peiai 64S, an indica rice with partial character of japonica . The photooxidation tolerance of hybrid progeny might be mainly genetically controlled by maternal line and was due to the relative stable function of PSⅡand membrane system, and the induced higher capacity to scavenge activated oxygen under MV photooxidaiton. It is proposed that from a view of super high yielding rice breeding and the utilization of heterosis, selecting a photooxidation tolerant maternal line or introducing a gene with strong antioxidative character is an important breeding strategy worthy to pay more attention to.

关 键 词：超高产水稻 培矮64S/E32杂交组合 亲本 叶片 杂交优势 甲基紫精 耐光氧化性 抗氧化酶 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]