中华鳖五群体遗传变异的RAPD分析  

Analysis of genetic variations of five populations in Trionyx sinensis by RAPD

作　　者：刘至治[1] 蔡完其[1] 李思发[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海水产大学农业部水产种质资源与养殖生态重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《水产学报》2004年第2期119-126,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海市水产办<中华鳖养殖业持续发展研究>项目(科0095)

摘　　要：从97个10碱基随机引物中筛选出30个多态性引物,对黄河鳖、淮河鳖、洞庭湖鳖、鄱阳湖鳖及太湖鳖5个群体共100只个体进行RAPD分析。结果表明,中华鳖的遗传多样性较丰富。表现在:(1)在获得的341条RAPD扩增带中,有234条(68.6%)呈现多态性;2个引物有可明显地反映种群差异的扩增带,其中S105扩增的1408bp在黄河鳖的出现频率仅为20%,而在另外4个群体的出现频率达80%～90%;S37扩增的438bp在5个群体的出现频率大小为:黄河鳖85%>淮河鳖65%>洞庭湖鳖55%>鄱阳湖鳖40%>太湖鳖20%,呈现出从黄河到淮河到长江、从长江的中游到下游逐步降低的遗传渐变现象;(2)多态位点比例(P)的大小顺序为:太湖鳖59.25%>洞庭湖鳖56.52%>鄱阳湖鳖55.80%>淮河鳖55.03%>黄河鳖54.43%,但5个群体间的差异不显著(F=0.644<F0.05;4,145=2.45);5群体内的遗传多态度(π)在0.3644～0.3883间;(3)群体内遗传相似度大小顺序为:淮河鳖0.782>黄河鳖0.771>鄱阳湖鳖0.768>洞庭湖鳖0.750>太湖鳖0.722,其中太湖鳖与黄河鳖、淮河鳖、鄱阳湖鳖3个群体间的差异显著(P<0.05);(4)分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,黄河鳖与淮河鳖、洞庭湖鳖及鄱阳湖鳖3个群体间,太湖鳖与黄河鳖、淮河鳖2个群体间有极显著的遗传分化(P<0.001);(5)根据遗传距离,用UPGMA和NJ法进行聚类分析表明:?RAPD was conducted to analyse the genetic variations of five populations in Trionyx sinensis-Yellow River population,Huai River population,Dongting Lake population,Poyang Lake population and Taihu Lake population,with 30 polymorphic 10-based random primers selected from 97 ones.The major results indicated that the genetic diversity of the five populations in T.sinensis was rich.They were:(1) 341 bands were detected and 234 of them were polymorphic,accounted for 68.6%.Two primers could amplify distinctive bands among the five populations.The appeared frequency of 1408bp band amplified by primer S105 was 20% in the Yellow River population, but it was 80%～90% in the other four populations.The range of appeared frequency of 438bp band amplified by primer S37 in the five populations was:Yellow River population 85% >Huai River population 65%>Dongting Lake population 55%>Poyang Lake population 40%>Taihu Lake population 20%, which indicated a genetic decline from Yellow River to Huai River, from middle reaches of Yangtze River to its lower reaches;(2) The range of proportion of polymorphic loci was:Taihu Lake population 59.25% > Dongting Lake population 56.52% >Poyang Lake population 55.80% > Huai River population 55.03% >Yellow River population 54.43%, and there was no significant difference among the five populations(F=0.644< F_(0.05;4,145)= 2.45).The genetic diversity index(π) was 0.3644～0.3833 in the populations;(3)The average genetic similarity index within each population ranked as Huai River population 0.782 >Yellow River population 0.771 > Poyang Lake population 0.768 > Dongting Lake population 0.750 > Taihu Lake population 0.722.There was significant difference between Taihu Lake population and Yellow River population,Huai River population and Poyang Lake population(P<0.05);(4) The results of analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) showed that there was significantly genetic breaking up between Yellow River population and Huai River population,Dongting Lake population,Poyang Lake population respectively,also

关 键 词：中华鳖 群体 遗传变异 RAPD 遗传多态度 遗传距离 遗传相似度 

分 类 号：Q959.63[生物学—动物学]