关于中国重大气候灾害与东亚气候系统之间关系的研究  

Studies on the Relationship between the Severe Climatic Disasters in China and the East Asia Climate System

作　　者：黄荣辉[1] 陈际龙[1] 周连童[1] 张庆云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《大气科学》2003年第4期770-787,共18页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目G1998040900第一部分和国家自然科学基金40231005共同资助

摘　　要：在总结中国国旱涝等重大气候灾害的种类、时空分布特征及其形成机理研究的基础上,分析东亚气候系统对东亚地区水分循环和中国旱涝等重大气候灾害发生的影响;并且,从东亚气候系统各成员,特别是从大气圈中的东亚季风、西太平洋副热带高压、中纬度扰动,海洋圈中的ENSO循环、热带西太平洋暖池和印度洋的热力状态,以及从青藏高原的动力、热力作用、高原积雪等来分析和讨论中国重大气候灾害的形成机理。此外,还结合1998年夏季长江流域的特大洪涝以及从20世纪70年代末迄今华北地区的持续干旱所发生的具体实际,进一步分析了东亚气候系统异常对东亚地区水分循环和我国重大气候灾害影响的过程。In the base of summarizing the studies on the kinds, the characteristics of spatio-temperai distribution and the formtion mechanism of the severe climatic disasters such as droughts and floods etc. in China, the impacts of the East Asian climate system on the water cycle in East Asia and the severe climatic disasters such as droughts and floods etc. occurred in China are analyzed in this study. Especially, the formation mechanism of severe climatic disasters in China are analyzed and discussed from the effects of various components of the East Asia climate system including the East Asian monsoon, the western Pacific subtropical high, and the disturbances in mid-latitudes in the atmosphere, the ENSO cycle, the thermal states of the West Pacific warm pool and the Indian Ocean in the Ocean, and the dynamical and thermal effects of the Tibetan Plateau and the snow cover in the Tibetan Plateau on the occurrence of climatic disasters in China. Moreover, the influencing processes of the East Asian climate system anomaly on water cycle in East Asia and severe climatic disasters in China are analyzed further combining with the actual facts of particularly severe flood occurred in the Yangtze River valley in the summer of 1998 and the prolonged droughts occurred in North China from the late 1970s.

关 键 词：气候灾害 气候系统 东亚地区 旱涝 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]