华北蓝盆花的开花特性及传粉生态学研究  

Flowering characteristics and pollination ecology of Scabiosa tschiliensis

作　　者：刘林德[1] 陈磊[1] 张丽[2] 李长林[1] 高玉葆[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [2]烟台师范学院生命科学学院,烟台264025

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第4期718-723,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 1860 1) ;中国博士后科学基金资助项目 (13 2 0 0 )~~

摘　　要：华北蓝盆花具头状花序 ,花冠蓝紫色 ,1朵花的花期约为 7～ 8d。边缘花比中部花大 ,但二者在花药大小、花丝长度、花柱长度、柱头直径等方面无显著差异。花粉寿命约为 4 d,花柱在花开后逐渐伸长 ,柱头微二裂、干燥型。同一花序内的花朵在 2～ 3d内逐渐开放 ,晚开的花散粉时、早开的花花柱仍未伸长 ,因此 ,花药与柱头之间有空间间隔和时间间隔 ,同一花序内的各花朵间相互传粉的机会很低。按照杂交指数 ,其繁育系统属于异交、部分自交亲和、需要传粉者。依据 P/ O数据 ,其繁育系统属于兼性异交。罩网试验显示 ,华北蓝盆花没有自发的自花传粉现象 ,自然条件下也没有无融合生殖现象 ,没有访花者访问便不能座果。在华北蓝盆花花序上记录到的访花者有 10余种 ,以双翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目昆虫为主 ,最常见的访花者是雏蜂虻和豆芫菁。开花后不同日期 ,访花者的访花频率有所不同 :开花第 2天到第 7天的花序上 ,访花者的访花频率较高 ;开花第 4天 ,花序上访花者的访花频率最高。同一天内的不同时间 ,访花者的访花频率也有差异 ,一般规律是 :11:0 0～ 15 :0 0之间 ,访花者的访花频率较高。此外 ,气温骤降、阴天及降雨能使访花者的访花频率明显降低。Scabiosa tschiliensis Grünning, a perennial herb, belonging to the family Dipsacaceae, is mainly distributed in grasslands of northern China. It is an important medicinal plant in Mongolian medicine. In this paper, we examined the flowering dynamics, outcrossing index (OCI), pollen-ovule ratio (P/O), pollen viability, pistil recipient phase and pollination ecology of Scabiosa tschiliensis at Inner Mengolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (43°26′～44°08′N, 116°04′～117°05′E). The main results are as follows: The flowering span of S.tschiliensis populations was about 30～40 days. The life span of one flower was usually about seven to eight days. Nine days later, part of S.tschiliensis flowers turned into fruits; others were wilted or shed. The inflorescences of S.tschiliensis were cephaloid. Their periphery flowers were arranged radiatiformly and corolla lobes were all ianthinus. Each flower had four stamens and one style, and its stigma was cephaloid too. The periphery flowers of S.tschiliensis were larger than the central flowers, but there were no obvious differences in anther size, filament length, style length, stigma diameter or other aspects between the periphery flowers and the central flowers. The pollen viability was about four days. The pistil recipient phase started from style elongated and the stigma bilobed. The other aspects of functional floral morphology of S.tschiliensis, such as the changes of stigma colour and shape, the petal colour and size, and the style lengths also varied on different blooming days. In one inflorescence, all flowers blossomed in two or three days. When the later flowers were in male phase (anther dehiscence), the earlier flowers were undeveloped into female phase (pistil recipient phase); so, there were little chance for later flowers pollinating earlier flowers in the same inflorescence.There were both temporal and spatial isolations of ♂ and ♀ organs within each flower of S.tschiliensis. According to Dafni (1992), if the outcrossing indexes were t

关 键 词：华北蓝盆花 开花特性 繁育系统 传粉生态 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]