同地共栖四种蝙蝠食性和回声定位信号的差异及其生态位分化  

Differences in diet and echolocation in four sympatric bat species and their respective ecological niches

作　　者：马杰[1] Walter METZNER 梁冰[1] 张礼标[1] 张劲硕[1] 张树义[1] 沈钧贤[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [2]Department of Physiological Science [3]中国科学院生物物理研究所视觉信息加工重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《动物学报》2004年第2期145-150,共6页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金(No.30025007)和面上基金(No.30170250);重大研究计划(No.90208012);中国科学院知识创新工程创新项目及其重要创新方向(KSCX3IOZ03;KSCX2SW118);科技部基础研究重大项目前期研究专项(2100CCA00700);美国国家卫生研究所基金(NationalI

摘　　要：本研究于 2 0 0 2年 5月初至 2 0 0 3年 9月中旬在北京房山区霞云岭四合村蝙蝠洞进行 ,分析了共栖同一山洞四种蝙蝠的形态特征、食性和回声定位信号。大足鼠耳蝠食谱中以宽鳍等三种鱼为主 (体积百分比为5 3% ) ,回声定位主频 4 1 87± 1 0 7kHz;马铁菊头蝠主要掠捕鳞翅目昆虫 (73% ) ,恒频叫声主频 74 70± 0 13kHz ;中华鼠耳蝠以近地面或在地表活动的鞘翅目昆虫步甲类和埋葬甲类为主要食物 (6 5 4 % ) ,声脉冲主频较低 35 73± 0 92kHz;白腹管鼻蝠捕食花萤总科和瓢虫科等鞘翅目昆虫 (90 % ) ,回声定位信号主频为 5 9 4 7±1 5 0kHz。结果证实同地共栖四种蝙蝠种属特异的回声定位叫声和形态结构的差异 ,以及不同的捕食生境和捕食策略 。The morphology, diet and echolocation characteristics of four bat species roosting in the same cave were studied in Fangshan District of Beijing from the beginning of May, 2002 to the middle of September, 2003. The four sympatric species were: Rickett's big-footed bat Myotis ricketti, Large mouse-eared bat M. chinensis, Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Greater tube-nosed bat Murina leucogaster. M. ricketti, comprising 68.8% of the individuals found in the cave, always foraged on freshwater fishes, such as Zacco platypus(Cyprindidae, Leuciscinae) and two minnows(Carassius auratus and Phoxinus lagowskii). Its brief frequency-modulated(FM) echolocation pulse contained most energy at 41.87±1.07 kHz. R. ferrumequinum preyed mostly on moths(Lepidoptera, Insecta; 73% of volume percentage) and emitted calls with a constant frequency(CF) component around 74.70±0.13 kHz. The dominant prey of M. chinensis consisted of ground-dwelling beetles(65.4%,Carabidae and Silphidae, Coleoptera). It emitted FM calls with a characteristic frequency at 35.73±0.92 kHz. Finally, M. leucogaster used high frequency calls(max. energy around 59.47±1.50 kHz) to detect small aerial beetles(90%) of Cantharoidea and Coccinellidae. These results demonstrated that the four sympatric bat species were highly adapted to different foraging habitats and strategies which is also reflected in the remarkably different, species-specific echolocation calls and morphological characteristics. The present work suggests that the trophic resource partitioning and spatial differences in foraging niches represent the major mechanism for the co-existence of this particular bat community

关 键 词：蝙蝠 回声定位 食性 同地共栖种 生态位 分化 形态结构 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]