“神舟”三号飞船搭载对草地早熟禾生物学特性的影响  

Changes in biological characteristics of Poa pratensis carried by Shenzhou-3 spaceship

作　　者：韩蕾[1] 孙振元[1] 钱永强[1] 彭镇华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学院林业所,北京100091

出　　处：《草业科学》2004年第5期17-19,共3页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：优质抗逆草坪草早熟禾等新品种选育 ;国家"863"计划 (2 0 0 2AA2 410 61)

摘　　要：利用“神舟”三号 (SZ - 3)飞船搭载草地早熟禾Poapratensiscv Nassu干种子作为处理 ,未搭载种子作为对照。分别观察了发芽率及播种 80d后植株的叶片数、分蘖数、叶片宽及株高等指标。结果表明 ,空间条件对草地早熟禾发芽率没有明显影响 ;但是经过空间搭载后的植株平均叶片数增加了 6片 ,并出现了叶片数81片的变异植株 (对照植株叶片数最多为 2 1片 ) ;平均叶片宽增加到 2 4 3mm(对照为 1 96mm) ,其中 17 8%的植株叶片宽超过 3 3mm(对照植株叶片宽均小于 3 2mm) ,最宽达 5 5mm ;株高变异范围为 3～ 15 5mm(对照为 9～ 10 8mm) ;分蘖数最多达到 2 6个 (对照最多为 5个分蘖 )。综合分析各生长指标的变化 ,可获得至少2种不同有益变异类型植株 :1)植株明显矮化 ,可有效减少生长季内刈割次数 ,降低管理养护成本 ;2 )生长速度快 ,分蘖增多 ,叶片数明显增加 ,可有效缩短成坪期。这些变异类型在生产应用和遗传育种方面均具有一定的价值。Dry seeds of Poa pratensis Nasu were carried by SZ-3 spaceship (treatment) and compared with seeds on the earth (CK). For the seeds, characteristics including germination rate, and leaf number, tiller number, leaf width, and plant height 80 days after sowing were determined. The treatment showed 6 more leaves than CK, and a mutation with 81 leaves appeared (CK had only 21 leaves maximum). For the control, tiller number ranged from 0 to 5 but was 0 to 26 for the treatment. Leaf width increased from 1.96 mm for the CK to 2.43 mm for the treatment; and 17.8% of plants in the treatment had widths of 3.3 to 5.5 mm, but CK plants averaged less than 3.2 mm. Plant height was 9 to 108 mm for the CK but 3 to 155 mm for the treatment. We can see at least two different beneficial types of mutated plants by summarizing the changes in growth norms. One is that of plants dwarfing, which can reduce the number of mowing times in the growing season, and reduce the cost of management and maintenance. The other one is plants with fast growth and higher tiller and leaf number, which can shorten lawn establishment time. These mutation types are valuable for production application and breeding.

关 键 词：“神舟”三号飞船 草地早熟禾 生物学特性 空间环境 空间诱变育种 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]