夏大豆粒茎比值的高产效应及其遗传变异的研究  

Studies on Genetic Variation and High Yielding Effect for Ratio of Seeds to Stem in Summer Soybean

作　　者：郝欣先[1] 蒋惠兰[1] 李之琛[1] 聂翠琴[1] 丁发武[1] 李星华[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物所

出　　处：《作物学报》1992年第5期380-386,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金

摘　　要：高产品种诸多经济性状的量值都有不同程度的增长,其中以节荚数和粒茎比值增量最大。其形态性状株型向矮壮紧凑型变迁。粒茎比值高、茎重适宜、光效高才是高产品种的重要特点。 F_2代粒茎比值呈连续遗传变异,组合发生正负向超亲变异机率较高为60％,个体发生正负向超亲变异机率极低,其中正向仅0.98％。亲本对F_2代粒茎比值有较大影响,有倾大值和小值亲本两种遗传倾向,但以倾小值亲本为主要遗传变异特征。 粒茎比值与诸多的经济性状,形态性状为相互联系互为制约关系,对株粒重有较大的增量效应。粒茎比值遗传力较低,均值为43.13％。个体正向超亲变异机率又极低,表明通过选育粒茎比值高,综合性状又优良进而增加产量是一件难度很大的工作,但是经过努力是可以办到的。The values of some economic characters for high yielding varieties increase to someextent. In these characters, the increment of pods/per node and ratio of seeds to stemare the largest ones. The morphological characters and plant type of high yielding varie-ties change to dwarf, strong and compact type. High ratio of seeds to stem, appropri-ate weight of stem and high photosynthetic rate are indispensable characteristics forhigh yielding varicties. Ratio of seeds to stem in F_2 expresses continuous and extensive genetic variations.The probability of positive and negative transgressive variation of crosses is 60% whilethat of individual is very low and the probability of positive transgressive is only0.84%. Parents have great effect on ratio of seeds to stem in F_2. Ratio of seeds tostem forms two kinds of genetic tendencys towards larger or smaller parents, but to-wards to the smaller parent is the main feature of genetic variation. Ratio of seeds to stem is correlated with the other economical and morphologicalcharacters and it has great effect on seed weight per plant. Since heritability of ratioof seeds to stem is low (mean is 43.13%) and probability of positive transgressive isvery small breedind of high yielding variety by choosing individual plant possessinghigh ratio of seeds to stem and good comprehensive characters is very difficult. But it isnot impossible, provided that much effort was made.

关 键 词：夏大豆 粒茎比值 遗传变异 大豆 

分 类 号：S565.103.2[农业科学—作物学]