黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域水蚀预报模型构建  

Construction of Water Erosion Prediction Model at Small Watershed in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region

作　　者：贾媛媛[1] 郑粉莉[1] 杨勤科[2] 王占礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2004年第2期5-7,16,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目"水蚀预报模型研究"(KZCX3-SW-422);国家自然科学基金重点项目"黄土高原小流域分布式水蚀预报模型研究"(40335050);农业部948项目"土壤侵蚀及其环境效应评价模型"(2003-Z57)

摘　　要：根据黄土丘陵沟壑区侵蚀产沙垂直分带性规律,提出小流域土壤侵蚀方式发生部位界定方法。基于黄土丘陵沟壑区侵蚀环境特点,设计了GIS支持下的小流域分布式水蚀预报模型结构,模型考虑的侵蚀过程包括雨滴击溅侵蚀、片蚀、细沟侵蚀、浅沟侵蚀、切沟侵蚀以及沟道侵蚀。同时,提出模型各模块的计算方法,根据动态物质平衡原理,完成了流域侵蚀产沙过程演算。According to erosion vertical zone distribution in the loess hilly and gully region, the methods for demarcating distribution slope location of soil erosion patterns at small watershed are put forward. Based on erosion environmental characters in the loess hilly and gully region, the framework of the distributed water erosion prediction model at small watershed supported by GIS is designed. The fundamental erosion (processes) in this model included splash detachment, sheet flow detachment and deposition, rill flow detachment and deposition, ephemeral gully flow detachment and deposition, gully flow detachment and deposition, and channel flow detachment and deposition. Meanwhile, the calculation processes of this model are discussed in detail. In term of the principle of dynamic balance of mass, the calculation of sediment yield in the whole watershed is accomplished.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 分布式预报模型 小流域 黄土丘陵沟壑区 地理信息系统 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]