我国林业主要政策与社区林业发展案例研究  

A Case Studying of the Development of the Main Forestry Policies and the Forestry Communities

作　　者：张蕾[1] 刘璨[2] 王丽[3] 李育明[4] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局经济发展研究中心副主任、研究员 [2]国家林业局经济发展研究中心研究员 [3]国家林业局经济发展研究中心助研 [4]国家林业局经济发展研究中心副研究员

出　　处：《绿色中国（理论版）》2004年第03M期67-73,共7页Green China

摘　　要：选取江西省崇义县的主要林业政策与制度安排进行研究。利用崇义县6个乡35个农户的数据，采用非参数规划方法——数据包络分析(DEA)，构造了投入型Malquist总要素生产率模型，计算农户效率变化。结果表明：1980-2002年不论是全部产业还是林业产业的全要素生产率呈现出增长态势。全部产业全要素生产率增长的主要因素在于技术进步，而林业全要素生产率的增长以效率变化为主导。分析表明，进入20世纪90年代以后，造林面积和木材产量下降，主要原因在于木材税费过重。建议取消木材和其他林产品的农业特产税、育林基金制度等；尽快建立森林生态效益补偿制度：弱化政府在配置资源和分配剩余中的作用，采取稳定且属于诱致性的制度变迁方式，给农民一个稳定的制度变迁预期等来消除贫困。The author gives analysis on the case of the main forestry's policy and system in Chongyi county of Jiangxi Province. On the basis of the data of 6 towns and 35 peasant households of Chongyi County, the author uses the DEA and Malquist system to calculate the efficiency changing. The result is; the productivity ratios of all industries including forestry industry keeps increasing from 1980 to 2002. The main factor of the ratio increasing relies on the technological progress. The analysis indicates; after entering 1990s, the main reason of the descending of the afforestation area and output of timbers lies in the overweight of expenses of taxation of timber. The author proposes to cancel the special tax to the timber and other agricultural local product and the afforestation fund system, etc. He encourages setting up compensation system of the forest ecological benefits as soon as possible; and weakening government function in disposing and assigning resource, and implementing the stable and inductive system to change the poverty of the peasants.

关 键 词：中国 林业政策 社区林业发展 制度安排 案例分析 效率模型结构 森林生态效益补偿制度 农村税费改革 

分 类 号：F326.2[经济管理—产业经济]