黄原胶类破乳剂的合成及其破乳特性  

Preparation and Demulsification Properties of Demulsifier by Xanthan Gum as Initiator

作　　者：郭东红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气股份有限公司勘探开发研究院油田化学研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《精细石油化工进展》2004年第3期1-4,共4页Advances in Fine Petrochemicals

摘　　要：在温度120～135℃、压力0.35～0.4 MPa条件下,以相对分子质量大、活泼氢多、具有分支结构的黄原胶作起始剂,与环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷加成,合成出具有分支结构的黄原胶类破乳剂(XE型和XP型),并筛选出性能较好的3种破乳剂XE189、XP180和XP120;当把XE189、XP180与常规破乳剂F3111复配时能够满足华北五厂原油乳状液破乳脱水的要求,复配体系的脱水速率比油田现场用剂提高1.5～2.0倍,脱水效果优于油田现场用剂。当把XE189、XP120破乳剂与少量的糖脂类生物表面活性剂(200:15)复配后,能够成倍提高巴西海上油田原油乳状液的破乳脱水速率和最终脱水体积,黄原胶类破乳剂与该种糖脂类生物表面活性剂之间存在协同作用。Branching demulsifiers XE and XP were synthesized through addition reaction with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide by xanthan gum which possesses high molecular weight, multi-active hydrogens and branching structure as initiator at reaction temperature of 120-135 ℃ and reaction pressure of 0.35-0.4 MPa. Three demulsifiers (XE189, XP180 and XP120) with high-performance were screened. Application of the complex of XE189 or XP180 and common demulsifier F3111 to the demulsification of crude oil emulsion of 5th Oil Production Factory in Huabei oilfield was investigated. The results showed that the complex of XE189 or XP120 and F3111 could raise the speed of dewatering 1.5-2.0 times more than oilfields' present demulsifiers. The application of the complex (200:15)of XE189 or XP180 and biosurfactant to the demulsification of the crude oil emulsion in Brazil Sea Oilfield could raise the speed and volume of dewatering by multiple, that is, there existed remarkable 'synergis-tic effect' between XE189 or XP180 and biosurfactant.

关 键 词：破乳剂 温度 压力 环氧乙烷 黄原胶 起始剂 生物表面活性剂 协同效应 

分 类 号：TE869[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]