塔里木河中下游退耕地种植苜蓿试验效果分析  

Experimental Effects and Analysis of Fertilizer Spread in the Fields of Medicago sativa L. Growing on the Lands Withdrawn from Farming in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang, China

作　　者：阿德力.麦地[1] 胡玉昆[1] 艾合买提.库尔班 李凯辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州草原站,库尔勒841000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2004年第2期157-160,共4页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新项目"退耕还林还草优化模式与途径试验示范"(KZCXI-0 8-0 2 )资助

摘　　要：在塔里木河中下游对加拿大阿尔冈金紫花苜蓿 (Medicagosativa)进行施肥试验。结果表明 :该品种对施肥反应敏感 ,当磷、钾、追施氮肥为 30 0kg/hm2 ,4 5kg/hm2 ,2 1 0kg/hm2 时 ,效果最佳。刈割再生、分枝量、茎叶比性状均比不施肥、少施肥和其它施肥量显著 。Medicago sativa L. is a fine species of herbage; it has a strong ecological adaptability and is quite suitable to grow in the arid and cold regions and on the saline or alkaline lands as well as the lands suffering from sand drift disasters. In this paper, an experiment of growing Medicago sativa L. is carried out in Yuli County located in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang during the period from 2001 to 2002. In the study area it belongs to the temperate continental desert climate, the annual precipitation varies in a range of 20～43 mm, the annual evaporation is as high as 2 700 mm, the annual temperature varies in a range of 10～11℃, and the frost-free period is 184 days. The climate here is extremely dry, the sand drift disasters are serious, and the surface runoff is mainly from the upper reaches of Tarim River. Before seeding (April 2001) for the experiment of growing Medicago sativa L., the salt content, pH value and organic matter content in topsoil were 2.45%, 8.2 and 2%～3% respectively, and they in soil of 10～30 cm in depth were 1.17%, 8.3 and 0.6% ～2.0% respectively. The depth and the mineralization of groundwater vary in ranges of 0.8～1.2 m and 3～10 g/L respectively in the study area. The experimental results show that Medicago sativa L. is sensitive to spreading fertilizers. The effects are optimal when the spreading quantities of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and top application are 300 kg/hm\+2, 45 kg/hm\+2 and 210 kg/hm\+2 respectively. Under such a situation, the regeneration of Medicago sativa L. after mowed, branching quantity and ratio of stems to leaves are more significant than that without spreading fertilizers or spreading a little fertilizers, and the yield of Medicago sativa L. per unit area is obviously increased and the quality of Medicago sativa L. is significantly improved.

关 键 词：塔里木河 种植 苜蓿 产草量 新疆 品质 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学]