温度对菊小长管蚜生长发育的影响  

Effect of temperature on Macrosiphoniella sanborni development

作　　者：段金花[1] 张润杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生物防治重点实验室

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2004年第6期1035-1038,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 9970 475 )

摘　　要：在 1 5、1 9、2 2、2 5、2 8、31和 35℃及RH80 %的组合条件下 ,测定了菊小长管蚜的发育起点温度及有效积温 ,分析了温度与菊小长管蚜发育速率的关系 .结果表明 ,菊小长管蚜各龄若虫的发育时间随温度的增加而缩短 ,4龄若虫的发育历时最长 ,平均为前三龄若虫历期的 1 4倍 .模拟分析表明 ,菊小长管蚜发育速率随温度的升高而加快 ,2、3龄若虫较 1、4龄若虫对极端温度的忍耐性强 ,发育最适温度高 .2、3龄若虫的极端温度忍耐值δ为 6 70 ,最适发育温度为 2 1 76℃ ,最高发育温度为 4 0 97℃ ;1、4龄若虫极端温度忍耐值δ分别为 4 70和 4 5 0 ,最适发育温度分别 2 3 76℃和 2 2 4 9℃ ,最高发育温度为 39 97℃和4 0 5 6℃ ;龄期越高 ,发育起点温度相对较低 ,发育所需的有效积温则越高 .1～ 4龄若蚜的发育起点温度分别为 6 93、5 0 2、4 5 8和 4 4 6℃ ,有效积温分别为 2 6 88、33 4 1、33 6 3和 4 8 4 9℃·d-1 .The development of Macrosiphoniella sanborni was studied at 15～35 ℃ and 80% RH,and the data obtained were used to determine the rate and threshold of its development and the sum of effective temperature.The optimal temperature for M.sanborni development ranged from 22 ℃ to 25 ℃.After fitting the data to Wang Rusong's model,the development rate V(t) increased with rising temperature.The 2nd and 3rd instar nymphs were found more tolerable to extreme temperature and had higher optimal temperature than 1st and 4th instar nymphs.The temperature tolerance value δ was 6 70 for the 2nd and 3rd instars,and 4 70 and 4 50 for the 1st and 4th instars,respectively. The optimal temperature for the 2nd and 3rd instar was 21 76 ℃,and the highest development temperature was 40 97 ℃,while for the 1st and 4th instar,the optimal temperature was 23 76 ℃ and 22 49 ℃,and the highest development temperature was 39 97 ℃ and 40 56 ℃,respectively.Calculations with direct optimum estimation method showed that the threshold of development decreased with the aging of nymphs,while the effective accumulative temperature increased.For the 1st,2nd,3rd and 4th instar,the threshold of development was 6 93,5 02,4 58 and 4 46 ℃,and the effective accumulative temperature was 26 88,33 41,33 63 and 48 49 ℃·d -1 ,respectively.

关 键 词：菊小长管蚜 温度 生长发育 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]