建筑物分布对市区流场及污染物扩散影响的数值模拟  

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE IMPACT ON METEOROLOGY AND POLLUTANT DIFFUSION OF URBAN AREA BY BUILDING DISTRIBUTION

作　　者：苗世光[1] 蒋维楣[1] 胡非[2] 陈鲜艳[3] 季崇萍[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学系,南京210093 [2]中科院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [3]北京市气象局,北京100089

出　　处：《气象科学》2004年第2期137-144,共8页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家科技部攻关项目 96 92 0 34 0 7(<北京城市规划建设与气象条件及大气污染关系研究>课题 ) ;教育部博士点基金项目 (2 0 0 0 0 2 84 18) ;LAPC KF 2 0 0 4 0 7

摘　　要：本文运用已建精细城市PBL模式 ,用拖曳力法考虑城市建筑物的影响 ,并以北京前三门地段板房为例 ,通过 8个数值试验具体研究了建筑物对气象场的影响。结果表明 :前三门地段板房的有无对风速、湍能和NOx 浓度的影响较明显。有板房比没有板房时 30m处水平总风速减少 0 .0 3～ 0 .10m/s ,湍能增大 0 .0 2～ 0 .14m2 /s2 。板房对水平总风速的影响大于 0 .0 1m/s的范围为 :迎风向和背风向约 4 0 0～ 5 0 0m ,侧风向约 10 0～ 2 0 0m ;垂直方向的影响高度约为 15 0m ,在 30m高度附近影响最大。对湍流动能的影响范围与风速的类似。对NOx 浓度的影响以地面为最大 ,其影响程度及影响范围和板房与污染源的相对位置以及板房与周围建筑物的距离有关。总之 ,在高分辨的边界层模式中 ,用拖曳力法考虑城市建筑物的影响是可行和必要的。Based on a developed fine-mesh urban PBL model,the impact of urban buildings is modeled by drag approach,and the impact of strip buildings in Qiansanmen domain of Beijing is studied with 8 numerical tests. It is shown that the strip buildings in Qiansanmen domain affect wind speed,turbulence kinetic energy and concentration of NO_x obviously. The horizontal wind speed at 30 m with strip buildings decreases 0.03～0.10 m/s when compared to wind speed without strip buildings,and in the same case TKE increases 0.02～0.14 m 2/s 2. The range where the effect of strip buildings on wind speed is greater than 0.01 m/s is: 400～500 m on the wind direction,100～200 m on the cross wind direction,about 150 m on the vertical direction and the maximum is at the height of 30 m. The effect domain of TKE is similar to wind speed. The effect on NO_x concentration reaches maximum on the ground,the effect extent and the effect domain is related to the relative position of strip buildings and pollutant source and the distance between strip buildings and surrounding buildings. In a word,in high-resolution PBL model the drag approach to simulate the effect of urban buildings is effective and necessary.

关 键 词：高分辨边界层模式 城市参数化 建筑物风场影响度 污染扩散 

分 类 号：P264[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]