云南黄连的生物学、生态学特性与地理分布研究  

Studies on Biological Characteristics,Ecological Habit & Geographic Distribution of Coptis teeta

作　　者：黄骥[1] 裴盛基[1] 张明宇[2] 毛钧[2] 杨雪[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所 [2]云南大学生命科学学院 [3]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《云南植物研究》2004年第3期255-266,共12页Acta Botanica Yunnanica

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金资助 (2 0 0 3C0 0 0 6M)

摘　　要：本文系统调查研究了云南黄连 (CoptisteetaWall.)的繁殖式样、物候和生命周期 (lifecycle)等主要生物学特性 ;生境要求、群落类型及结构特征等生态学习性以及资源分布状况。通过研究发现 :云南黄连兼具有性生殖和无性繁殖 ,在自然条件下 ,居群数量增长以发达的地下营养繁殖体 (称为“觅养枝”)行无性繁殖为主 :高黎贡山西坡居群 ,特别是野生居群的一些个体 ,能以有性生殖方式繁育实生苗 ,另外一些个体和东坡居群的几乎所有个体都以营养繁殖方式繁育无性系小株。该物种每一个体开花、结实虽然正常 ,但种子有长达半年的胚后熟过程 ,加上较低的种子传播效率 ,实生苗在居群中只有很少的比例。成年植株的花芽在 7月开始分化 ,次年 1～ 2月开花 ,5月种子成熟 ,完成生活史 ,个体生命周期则长达 1 0多年。本种以小居群规模分布在狭小、呈片断化的特殊生境中 ,生态位极其狭窄 ,基本限于在温凉湿润的常绿阔叶林下陡坡生长。土壤和群落小气候因子对其自然分布起着至关重要的作用。云南黄连为中国 -喜马拉雅特有种 ,野生居群已极为罕见 。Systematic investigation on the biological characteristics (i.e.reproduction trait,phenology and life cycle),the ecological habit (i.e.habitat,type and structure of plant communities),ecological environment and distribution range of C.teeta were carried out.It was found that both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction are existing within the population and equally important.In natural condition,some individuals of the populations on the west-slope,especially wild populations of C.teeta ,produce seedlings from sexual reproduction,while some ones and almost entire individuals of populations on the east-slope of C.teeta produce ramets through vegetative reproduction.Either populations on the west-slope or on the east-slope,every individual flowers and seeds normally,but because seed germination needs an after-ripening process of one half year,associated with lower seed dispersal,so a little seedlings could be found.Differentiation of flower buds in the adult plant begins in July,but they flower in next January or February,and their seeds ripe in May.One life cycle of an individual is always more than 10 years.It was found to be endemic to a small area,to occupy a very narrow habitat,to need a strict niche and to appear highly dispersed small populations.It was mostly confined to steep slopes of moist temperate,broad-leaved evergreen forests.Edaphic and community micro-climatic factors played a vital role in natural distribution. C.teeta is a species endemic to Sino-Himalaya,and mainly distributed in the watershed of several rivers (i.e.Brahmaputra R.,Salween R.,Irrawaddy R.,which feed into Indian Ocean).Owing to its wild populations are rare,so it is urgent to protect.

关 键 词：云南黄连 生物学 生态学特性 地理分布 繁殖 生命周期 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]