冬小麦高产栽培中存在问题探析  

Analysis of Present Problems in the High-yield Cultivation of Winter Wheat

作　　者：孙本普[1] 王勇[1] 李秀云[1] 孙雪梅 王继诰[1] 张金邦[1] 王宝忠[3] 孙爱梅[4] 王桂荣[4] 张伟东 

机构地区：[1]滨州职业学院 [2]滨州市园林处 [3]阳信县农业局 [4]邹平县农业局 [5]沾化县农业局

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2004年第2期144-148,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：鲁滨科计字[1999]第09号项目-<小麦主茎叶龄数及其在高产栽培中的应用>内容之一。

摘　　要：通过多年的小区试验、高产攻关与高产示范,对冬小麦不同栽培方法的冬前主茎叶龄数、基本苗和施肥量进行了研究。结果表明,高倍繁殖良种、精播、半精播和大播量高产栽培,冬前适宜的主茎叶龄数分别为8叶1心～9叶1心、6叶1心～7叶1心、5叶1心～6叶1小心、3叶1心～4叶1心,基本苗/每公顷分别为30万左右、75～180万、195～270万、冬前茎数与穗数相当或主茎与第1～2子蘖成穗(有第1子蘖成穗基本苗不宜超过525万/hm2)。在中等及其以上土壤肥力,小麦产量6750～7500kg/hm2,以持续高产和提高土壤肥力为前提,每年应施优质有机肥45000kg/hm2、纯N180～210kg/hm2、P2O590～120kg/hm2。中穗型品种创高产,比大穗型和小穗型稳妥。Through many years of survey and investigation of plot tests and high-yielding cultivation, the main stem stage, the basic seedlings and the fertilizer rate were studied. The result showed that the main stem stage of wheat to get seed shouldrd be 8 leaves with 1 core to 9 leaves with 1 core before winter. The intensive cultivation wheat should be 6 leaves with 1core to 7 leaves with 1 core. The half intensive cultivation wheat should be 5 leaves with 1 core to 6 leaves with 1 core and the high-sowing wheat should be 3 leaves with 1 core to 4 leaves with 1 core. the basic seedlings should be 20 thousand, 50～120 thousand, 130～180 thousand per hm^2. And the stem number per hm^2 should be as many as the spike number.The suitable organic fertilizer rate was 45 000 kg/hm^2,nitrogen rate was 180～210 kg/hm^2 and P_2O_5 rate was 90～120 kg/hm^2 to maintain a high-yielding level and improve the soil fertility.And the mid-spike wheat was easy to get high-yield as contrasted with the big-spike type and small-spike type.

关 键 词：冬小麦 高产栽培 品种 播种 田间管理 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]