山茱萸小孢子发生和雄配子体发育的研究  

Studies on the Microsporogenesis and the Development of the Male Gametophyte in Cornus Officinalis Sieb et Zucc.(Cornaceae)

作　　者：李平[1] 余象煜[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州大学生物学系

出　　处：《杭州大学学报（自然科学版）》1992年第1期98-105,T002,T003,共10页Journal of Hangzhou University Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学和省自然科学基金资助课题

摘　　要：本文报道了山茱萸(Cornus officinalis sieb. et Zucc.)小孢子发生和雄配子体形成过程的形态和组织化学.山茱萸雄蕊的花药四室,纵裂.周缘细胞和与初生造孢细胞相邻的薄壁细胞共同参与了花药壁的形成.成熟花药的药壁由表皮、药室内壁、2层中层细胞和绒毡层等五层细胞构成.绒毡层属变形绒毡层,成熟时具双核.花药发育后期形成外绒毡层膜.单列孢原细胞起源于花药原基的原表皮之下.小孢子母细胞由孢原细胞经造孢细胞发育而来,减数分裂时的胞质分裂属同时型,小孢子四分体呈四面体形,小孢子母细胞减数分裂间期开始积累胼胝质壁,至小孢子释放时消失,成熟花粉粒为2—细胞型,具3孔沟,表面具小的颗粒状纹饰.在药壁分化、小孢子发生和雄配子体的形成过程中,多糖物质的积累与消失是有一定规律的.This paper deals with the detailed process of the microsporogenesis and the formation of the male gametophyte as well as histochemistry concerned in Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. Each anther contains four microsporangia which are paired in two lodes. The regions of dehiscence of the mature anther are in the form of longitudinal slits between the two microsporangia of each lobe. Prior to dehiscence, part of the partition between the two microsporangia of a lobe usually disintegrates. After that the region of dehiscence is covered only by the epidermis. In this region the epidermal cells are extremely small, especially in comparison with the neighbouring epidermal cells, and they are easily rupturep when the anther ripens. Both the primary parietal cells and the parenchyma cells which closely link the sporogenous cells take part in the formation of the anther well. The mature anther wall comprises an epidermis followed ( on the inside ) by a layer of endothecium, 2 middle layers, and a single-layered tapetum of amoeboid type. The mature tapetum cells are binucleate. The extra-tapetal membrane is formed during the later stage of the development of anther. A row of single-celled archesporia in each cell region, which are located in the four angles of the young anther, is of hypodermal origin. The primary sporogenous cells, which are derived from archesporial cells, commence ro divide mitotically, in different planes, together with the development of the anther wall. The derivatives of these divisions are microsporemother cells. Each mother cell undergoes a meiotic division to form a tetrad of microspores. The meiosis of microspore mother cell is normal and the cytokinesis is of the simultaneous type. The arrangement of micros-pores in a tetrad is tetrahedral. There is the deposition of callose around the microspore mother cell during its meiosis and the callose wall is disappearing as the release of microspore from tetrad. The mature pollen grains are 2-celled, 3-colporate. The ac

关 键 词：山茱萸 小孢子发生 雄配子体 

分 类 号：Q949.763.4[生物学—植物学]