条背萤的形态和生物学研究  

Morphological and biological observations on aquatic firefly Luciola substriata (Gorham) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in China

作　　者：付新华[1] Ohba Nobuyoshi 雷朝亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科技学院,昆虫资源研究所,武汉430070 [2]Yokosuka City Museum,Yokosuka,238,Japan

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2004年第3期372-378,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

摘　　要：首次在中国大陆发现水栖萤火虫条背萤Luciolasubstriata。形态观察发现 ,条背萤成虫橙黄色 ,鞘翅末端灰黑色 ;发光器均为白色 ,雄虫发光器位于第 5、6腹节 ,位于第 5腹节的发光器呈带状 ,第 6腹节的发光器呈“V”字形 ;雌虫的发光器呈带状 ,位于第 5腹节 ;卵椭圆形 ,橙黄色。幼虫有两种形态 ,1～ 2龄具有 7对呼吸鳃 ,3～ 6龄幼虫无呼吸鳃。幼虫具有一对发光器 ,位于第 7腹节腹面 ;初蛹期仍保留幼虫形态的发光器 ,后呈现成虫的发光器 ,两种形态的发光器并存直至羽化。对条背萤生活史及习性调查发现 ,条背萤生活在水草较多的池塘、湖泊和流速缓慢的河流中。该虫 1年发生 1代 ,以幼虫在水中越冬 ,5月初老熟幼虫开始上岸化蛹。在 2 5℃下 ,条背萤预蛹期平均为 6 17天 ,蛹期平均为 4 4 3天。成虫 5月上旬至 9月中旬发生。日落后的 1h内是条背萤成虫闪光求偶的最盛期。卵期平均 12 5天。幼虫的猎物为静水椎实螺Lymnaeastagnalis,凸旋螺Gyraulusconwexiusculus等 ,天敌为克氏原螯虾Procambarusclarkii、中华绒毛蟹Eriocheirsinensis、草鱼Ctenopharyngodonidellus等。利用光谱仪对条背萤的发光光谱进行测定发现 ,条背萤的萤光光谱为 4 2 5～ 6 0 3nm ,峰值为 5 0 4nm 。The aquatic firefly Luciola substriata (Gorham) was newly found in the mainland of China. The external morphological studies showed adults were yellow in the whole except that the head and the end of elytra were black in ventral view. The light organs of adults were all cream white. Males had two luminescent organs, the first one at the 5th abdominal segment is rectangular in shape whereas the second one at the 6th abdominal segment V-shaped. Females had only one luminescent organ in rectangular shape located at the fifth abdominal segment. Eggs were elliptic and yellow-orange in color. There were two types of larva. The 1st-2nd instar larva had 7 pairs of branched tracheal gills located laterally on the 1st-7th abdominal segment. The 3rd-6th instar larva had no gills. Larva had a pair of spot-shaped light organs located at the 7th abdominal segment. The larval light organs regressed and were replaced by adult lantern in the pupal stage. Luciola substriata was normally found in ponds, lakes and rivers with flourish duckweeds and other aquatic vegetation. The firefly occurred one generation per year. The last-instar larva climbed the strand and constructed earthen pupa cells, in which prepupal, pupal and preimaginal stages were spent till it matured in May next year. The prepupal stage lasted 6.17 days, and the pupal stage lastd 4.43 days, in room temperature. The imaginal period lasted from May to mid-September. The courtship flashing activity reached peak one hour after sunset. Eggs hatched after 12.5 days. Prey records included 2 species of aquatic snails, Lymnaea stagnalis and Gyraulus conwexiusculus. Three predators of this firefly were recorded: red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The light spectrum emitted by Luciola substriata was measured as 425-603 nm with the peak 504 nm.

关 键 词：条背萤 形态 生物学 水栖萤火虫 闪光求偶节律 萤光光谱 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]