应用常规气象观测资料估算塔里木盆地水面蒸发量  

Estimation of Water Surface Evaporation in Tarim River Basin Using Routine Meteorological Data Observed in Aksu Water Balance Experimental Station

作　　者：胡顺军[1] 郭谨 王举林 宋郁东[1] 陈小兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049 [3]陕西省户县水利局,户县710016

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2004年第2期212-215,共4页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家重大基础性研究 973项目 (编号G19990 43 5 0 6) ;863计划 (编号 2 0 0 2AA2Z42 0 1) ;国家科技攻关计划 (编号2 0 0 2BA90 1A3 6) ;中国科学院"西部之光"项目

摘　　要：根据阿克苏水平衡站 1999年至 2 0 0 2年非冻结期 (4月至 10月 ) 2 0m2 蒸发池的蒸发量及常规气象观测资料 ,采用斜率关联度分析法分析了各气象要素对水面蒸发的影响程度 ,建立了计算水面蒸发量的经验公式 ,结果表明 :(1)气象要素对 2 0m2 蒸发池月平均蒸发量的影响程度从大到小的排列顺序为饱和水汽压差、气温、水面温度、空气饱和差、风速、实际水汽压、大气压、相对湿度 ;(2 ) 2 0m2 蒸发池蒸发量与饱和水汽压差、空气湿度饱和差、气温、水面温度、风速、水汽压成正比关系 ;而与气压、相对湿度成反比关系 ;(3)所有回归方程都达到极显著水平 ,可供塔里木盆地缺测资料地区选用。Water surface evaporation is an important component of water cycle,and is also main losses of water body,such as,river,lake,reservoir,and pool. The observed Water surface evaporation data has been widely used in farm irrigation,the evaluation of water resources,analysis on draught,the determination of hydrological model,the planning and design and management of hydraulic work,the fundamental research on transformation relations between atmospheric water,surface water,soil moisture,and groundwater,is also one of research on ecological water demand in interior arid land. So further research on water surface evaporation is of significance on rational utilization of water resources,reconstruction of ecological environment and sustainable development of agriculture in oasis in Tarim river basin. Based on routine meteorological data and that of the water surface evaporation of 20m 2 evaporation pool during non-freezing period (from April to October) in from 1999 to 2002 in Aksu water balance experimental station. The authors analyze the effective degree of different meteorological factors on the water surface evaporation using slop association degree method,and sets up the empirical formula of calculating the water surface evaporation of 20m 2 evaporation pool. The conclusions are as follows:(1) The significance of different meteorological factors on the water surface evaporation in the order of from big to small is saturation deficit,air temperature,water surface temperature,vapor pressure deficit,wind speed,actual vapor pressure,air pressure,relative humidity;(2) the water surface evaporation of 20m 2 experimental pool has a linear relation to vapor pressure deficit,air temperature,water surface temperature,saturation deficit,wind speed,actual vapor pressure,air pressure,relative humidity,and has a inverse relation to air pressure and relative humidity;(3) The accuracy of all empirical formula reaches conspicuous level. The empirical formula can be used in Tarim river basin without observed water surface evaporati

关 键 词：水面蒸发量 水循环 斜率关联度分析 气象观测 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学]