黑河流域山区植被带草地蒸散发试验研究  

An Experimental Study of Grassland Evapotranspiration in the Mountain Watershed of the Hei River Basin

作　　者：宋克超[1] 康尔泗[1] 金博文[1] 张智慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2004年第3期349-356,共8页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KZCX3 SW 329);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1 10 03 01)资助

摘　　要：利用Penman Monteith(PM)、ASCE Penman Monteith(ASCE PM)和Priestley Taylor(PT)公式以及两个小型蒸渗仪SW10与N6的实际观测,计算了黑河流域山区试验草地2002年夏季的蒸散发.PM与PT方法验证了其中的一个小型蒸渗仪SW10的蒸散量,也能验证小型蒸渗仪N6的蒸散量.研究表明,这种小型蒸渗仪在测算内陆河山区草地蒸散量的适用性比较强.热量平衡要素计算结果表明,山区草地的热量主要消耗于蒸散发.Weighing microlysimeter method and two types of Penman-Moneith equations (PM) and Priestley-Taylor equation were used to calculate the actual evapotranspiration of mountain grassland in the Hei River Basin in the arid area of northwest China during summer of 2002. Meteorological variables including sub ground surface heat fluxes were measured in half an hour time step by data-logger integrated in ENVIS environmental measurement system. The evapotranspiration rate of the grassland is then calculated by PM equation, ASCE-PM equation, and Priestley-Taylor equation(PT). As compared to the measurement of the two Microlysimeters, the PM and PT methods obtained good agreement with only one Microlysimeter SW10, but two sets of results from two Microlysimeters are both compared well with the calculations from two PM equation and PT method during initial period of about 20 days, which have about 66 mm rainfall, after this time about 20 days, one Microlysimeter(SW10)continued to present good performance with the PM and PT equation, but the other set of Microlysimeter(N6)started have less evapotranspitation compared with the result of PM method and the other Microlysimeter. The factors for this lie on the influence of the plant species, and it is proposed that the installation of the Microlysimeters should be located on the grass land with the dominant plant species of the area. The energy balance calculation of the grass land indicates that, the mountain grass land has the cold and wet characteristics of underlying surface. When the soil wetness is maintained by enough precipitation, the energy is mainly consumed by evapotranspiration during the summer period.

关 键 词：黑河流域 山区植被带 草地 蒸散发 试验研究 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学]