成人及儿童大规模预防接种活动结果评价  

Assessment of A Mass Vaccination Campaign for Children and Adults

作　　者：杨进[1] 董柏青[1] 曾竣[1] 张杰[1] 梁大斌[1] 李翠云[1] 廖和壮[1] 司国爱 杨宏徽[1] Rion LeonOchiai Carolina Danovaro Ali Mohammad Camilo J Acosta 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,南宁市530021 [2]广西壮族自治区河池市金城江区疾病预防控制中心,547000 [3]国际疫苗研究所(IVI)

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2004年第5期61-63,共3页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：国际疫苗研究所资助项目;项目编号:DOMIT-3

摘　　要：目的对在广西壮族自治区河池市进行的成人及儿童伤寒Vi疫苗及A群流脑疫苗大规模预防接种活动的组织实施、安全注射、冷链管理、宣传发动以及接种率的结果进行描述和分析。方法按有对照的组群随机抽样原则,把接种地区分为107个组群,其中53个组群随机接种伤寒Vi疫苗,54个组群随机接种A群流脑疫苗。对接种的覆盖率、计划安排、促进策略,所涉及的人力资源、后勤供应、设备,使用的和浪费的疫苗剂量、冷链及接种的安全性(安全注射及副反应)等方面进行评估。结果接种活动耗时5周,分为4个阶段:预试验、分组群接种、补种及扫尾,接种覆盖率为78.30%;15岁以下儿童为89.30%,成人为76.60%;分30个接种组,平均每组用去疫苗3082人份;接种组人员每组由1名医生、1名接种员、1名登记员及若干名社区领导组成。疫苗总浪费率为11.10%,其中A群流脑疫苗较高。冷链运转良好,接种未发生重大的安全问题。结论在广西壮族自治区的中小城市对成人及儿童进行大规模预防接种的后勤工作证明是可行的和安全的。未来的接种活动采用类似形式是可行的,但要强调安全注射、社区参与的重要性及具体的补漏扫尾接种策略。OBJECTIVE To describe and analyze the implementation,safety injection,cold chain management,promotion and coverage of a mass vaccination campaign for children and adults using typhoid Vi and group A meningococcal vaccines in Hechi,Guangxi. METHODS The study area was divided into 107 clusters,and randomized to 53 receiving typhoid Vi vaccine and 54 meningococcal A vaccine.Assessment of the vaccine coverage,the scheduling and promotion strategies,the human resources involved,the supplies and equipment employed,the number of doses administered and wasted,the cold chain logistics,and vaccination safety aspects (safe injections and adverse events)of the campaign.RESULTS The campaign lasted 5 weeks and was divided into four stages:pilot,cluster visits,re visits,and final mop up.The overall vaccination coverage was 78.30%;89.30% for children below 15 years of age and 76.60% for adults.3 082 vaccine doses were delivered by each of 30 teams on average.Each team was formed by a physician,a vaccinator,and a recorder,several community leaders were also involved.The overall vaccine wasted was 11.10% with a higher wastage for meningococcal A vaccine.Cold chain was maintained and documented,and no major safety problems occurred.CONCLUSIONS A mass vaccination campaign targeting children and adults in Southern China proved logistically feasible and safe.Future vaccination activities in similar settings are viable but they may need to emphasize injection safety,the importance of community involvement,and incorporating mop up strategy.

关 键 词：成人 儿童 预防接种 组群随机抽样试验 疫苗 接种率 安全注射 副反应 免疫规划 实施方法 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]