中国核农学的现状及发展建议  

NUCLEAR AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES IN CHINA:CURRENT STATUS AND SUGGESTION ON FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

作　　者：温贤芳[1] 汪勋清[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所,北京100094 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081

出　　处：《核农学报》2004年第3期164-169,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：本文介绍了中国核农学的成就和发展建议。中国核农学的研究与应用开始于 1 95 6年 ,现已广泛应用于农业的各个领域并取得了卓越的成就 ,在某些领域处于世界领先地位。据2 0 0 1年底不完全统计统计 ,中国辐射诱变育成新品种 62 5个 ,占全世界辐射育成新品种总和的2 7 2 % ,年推广种植面积达 9× 1 0hm2 ,育成的新品种每年为国家增产粮食 30～ 40亿kg、棉花1 5～ 1 8亿kg、油料 0 75亿kg,创经济效益 33～ 40亿元。在育成的新品种中有 1 8个获得国家发明奖。中国已批准 6大类辐照食品的国家卫生标准和 1 7种辐照食品的国家工艺标准 ,年辐照食品和农产品达 8～ 1 0万t。在辐射育种、航天育种、同位素示踪技术在农业上的应用、辐照农产品贮藏保鲜加工、辐射害虫防治、低剂量辐射刺激增产等方面都取得显著的成绩 ,创造了巨大的经济、社会和生态效益 ,培养和造就了一批核农学人才和科技队伍。中国核农学的卓越成就得到了国际原子能机构和专家的高度赞誉 ,1 999年中国被国际原子能机构确认为亚太地区核农学的牵头国。中国核农学今后的发展应从我国核农学重大技术应用基础研究和关键技术研究着眼 ,力争在辐射诱变育种和空间诱变育种的分子机理、辐照检疫技术及产业化、核素示踪与环境生态保护。This paper reviewed the main achievements of nuclear agricultural sciences, analyzed its developmental gap and provided some thoughts on its future development in China. Since the research and application of nuclear agricultural sciences was initiated in 1956, it has penetrated into the main fields of agriculture and made outstanding achievements, in some fields, China keeps a leading place in the world. By the end of 2001, China obtained 625 mutant varieties and strains, accounting for 27 2% of the total number in the world. The total planting area of the mutant varieties amounted to about 9 million hectares, and brought about an annual increase of grains by 3～4 million tons, cotton by 1 5～1 8 million tons, oilseeds by 0 75 million tons, with total annual economic benefit of 3 3～4 0 billion RMB Yuan. Among the released mutant varieties, 18 were awarded the national innovation prize. China approved national hygiene standards for 6 classes of irradiated foods, and 17 national technological standards of irradiated foods. The annual amount of irradiated foods and agricultural commodities ranged from 80～100 thousand tons. In general, the application of nuclear agricultural sciences in mutation breeding, space breeding, agricultural isotope tracers, food irradiation, sterile insect technique and radiation hormesis, has made considerable advancement and gained tremendous economic, social as well as ecological benefits. As a result, the IAEA and its technical officials highly evaluated nuclear agriculture in China. In 1999, China was approved as the RCA lead country for thematic agriculture. In considering its future development, the focus should be placed on the applied basic research and the development of some key technologies, and endeavor to make some breakthroughs in the molecular mechanism of mutation breeding and space breeding, irradiation quarantine technology, isotope tracing in environmental protection, animal health and production. The general objective is to develop a set of technology packa

关 键 词：中国 核农学 技术创新 自主知识产权 

分 类 号：S124[农业科学—农业基础科学]