地肤提取物杀螨活性的研究  

Studies on the acaricidic activity of the extracts of Kochia scoparia

作　　者：侯辉[1] 赵莉蔺[2] 师光禄[2] 李照会[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,泰安271018 [2]山西农业大学农学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《植物保护》2004年第3期42-45,共4页Plant Protection

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金资助项目(20021087)

摘　　要：采用多种溶剂和方法对地肤全株进行了提取,测定了其中杀螨活性最高的氯仿提取物的多种溶剂萃取物对二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch)和朱砂叶螨[Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)]的生物活性。结果表明,氯仿提取物的生物活性显著高于石油醚和甲醇提取物,提取物的氯仿萃取物对2种螨的生物活性最强。本试验还对该种植物的杀螨活性有效成分进行了初步研究。氯仿萃取物经柱层分离得到流分112个,经薄层层析(TLC)检验后,相同成分者合并,最终得流分11个。生物活性测定结果表明,F9活性最高,其对二斑叶螨、朱砂叶螨和山楂叶螨的致死中浓度分别达到了0.390 3、0.298 1、0.256 8 mg /mL。The air-dried and powder of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad was extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methyl alcohol by different methods. The results showed that the extracts rate of methyl alcohol was the highest, followed by that of chloroform, and that of petroleum ether was the lowest. By comparing the three different methods, it was found the best method, i. e. extraction by ultrasonic wave. The extract of K.scoparia with chlorororm had strong acaricidic activity to T. urticae Koch and T. cinnalarinus. It was separated into three acaricidic partition in liquid extraction. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and distilled water were used. The chloroform fraction was identified to be the most active as detected by bioassay. The chloroform extract was partitioned by column chromatography using neutral silica gel and 11 fractions were obtained, fraction 9 of which was more active than others. The toxicity of fraction 4 on 3 kinds of mites was studied. Its LC50 is 0.390 3, 0.298 1, 0.256 8 mg/mL, respectively. Identification of the active ingredients contained in fraction 9 needs further intensive study.

关 键 词：植物药理学 地肤 提取方法 杀螨活性 二斑叶螨 朱砂叶螨 山楂叶螨 

分 类 号：S482.1[农业科学—农药学]