施肥对日光温室黄瓜生长和土壤生物学特性的影响  

Effect of fertilization on cucumber growth and soil biological characteristics in sunlight greenhouse

作　　者：徐福利[1] 梁银丽[1] 张成娥[2] 杜社妮[1] 陈志杰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,西北农林科技大学杨凌712100 [2]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,北京10008 [3]陕西省动物研究所,西安710037

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2004年第7期1227-1230,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新资助项目 (KZCX1 0 6 0 2 )

摘　　要：采用田间试验研究了施肥对黄土高原日光温室黄瓜生长发育和产量 ,以及对土壤微生物区系和土壤酶活性的影响 .结果表明 ,施用有机肥和沼肥明显促进了黄瓜生长发育 ,提高了黄瓜产量 ,叶面施肥可以降低无机化肥和有机肥用量 .施肥对日光温室土壤生物学特性有明显影响 ,施用有机肥和叶面施肥增加了土壤细菌数量 ;施用无机化肥和沼肥增加了真菌的数量 ,施用有机肥降低了真菌的数量 ;施肥增加了放线菌的数量 .同时施肥提高了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性 ,但对过氧化氢酶影响较小 .施用有机肥提高了脲酶和磷酸酶活性 ,施用化肥和沼肥对土壤脲酶和土壤磷酸酶活性影响差异不大 .This paper studied the effect of fertilization on cucumber growth and yield,soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in sunlight greenhouse in Loess Plateau.The results indicated that the growth and yield of cucumber were increased with application of manure and methane.Foliage application reduced the application rate of NP and manure.Fertilization had an obvious effect on the biological characteristics of soil in sunlight greenhouse.The number of bacteria was increased by manure and foliage fertilization,and that of fungi was increased by NP and methane fertilization but decreased by manure fertilization.Fertilization with manure,NP and methane also remarkably increased the number of actinomyces and the activities of urease,phosphatase and sucrase in soil.The activities of soil urease and phosphatase were increased by fertilization of manure,but little effect was found with fertilization of NP and methane.

关 键 词：土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 施肥 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S154[农业科学—园艺学]