稻属(Oryza L.)植物染色体组命名的历史回顾  

Historical Review on the Genomic Denomination of the Genus Oryza L.

作　　者：冯九焕[1] 赵杏娟[1] 卢永根[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2004年第4期365-370,共6页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：广东省农业厅攻关项目"广东高州普通野生稻种质资源保护与开发利用研究"资助项目 (粤农函 [2 0 0 3 ] 3 60号 )。

摘　　要：稻属约 2 5种 ,分别属于AA、BB、CC、BBCC、CCDD、EE、FF、GG、HHJJ和HHKK等 1 0类染色体组。早在 2 0世纪30年代 ,日本学者Morinaga及其同事开创性地开展了稻属染色体组的鉴定和命名工作。他们采用的常规方法是 ,根据两物种之间的形态和生理差异 ,尤其是人工杂交产生的种间杂种F1 的染色体配对行为来鉴定新的染色体组。其后 ,不少学者对此进行了补充和完善。然而 ,对于一些靠人工杂交难以产生种间杂种的稻种来说 ,就无法利用上述常规方法鉴定其染色体组。最近 ,人们利用分子标记和荧光原位杂交等分子生物学技术 ,对这些难以与稻属其他种之间实现有性杂交的个别野生种的染色体组进行了鉴定和命名。由于稻属染色体组的鉴定主要是在 2 0世纪 4 0～ 6 0年代间开展的工作 ,为使人们在今后使用时更加明确其本质含义 。The genus Oryza L. including 25 species fell into 10 recognized genome types, i.e. AA, BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG, HHJJ and HHKK, respectively. As early as in 1930s, Morinaga and his co workers firstly studied and assigned the genomes to some Oryza species. The conventional approaches used by Morinaga for assigning new genomes were mainly based on morphological and physiological differences, especially chromosome pairing behavior of F 1 hybrids between two species. Since then, genome constitutions of other Oryza species were supplemented by different investigators. However, if the interspecific hybrids are difficult to produce due to strong hybridization barriers, it is impossible to assign genomes to species by above conventional approaches. Recently, by using molecular biological technique, e.g., molecular marker analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH), some workers assigned three new genomes to the species which were difficult to obtained hybrids with other Oryza species. Because these works were done in early days (during 1940s-1960s) by many investigators, it is essential to summarize the process and principle for assigning genome symbols so as to easily understand the meanings of all genome symbols.

关 键 词：稻属植物 染色体组 鉴定 命名 配对行为 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]