胡杨的受精作用和胚胎发育  

FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN POPULUS EUPHRAT1CA OLIV

作　　者：李文钿[1] 朱彤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所

出　　处：《林业科学研究》1989年第1期1-8,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：观察了胡杨的受精过程以及胚乳和胚的发育,结果如下:湿型柱头,表皮细胞具腺质特征,传粉期分泌脂滴。在光学显微镜下,子房腔中花粉管内的精细胞质和精核内的核仁清晰可见。受精作用发生于授粉后8—13d,精核核膜与雌性核膜正在融合而界限尚未消失时,精核内染色质已经分散,核仁更加明显。核型胚乳,在球形胚时期细胞化,在胚生长过程中被吸收,至胚成熟时消耗殆尽。胚珠和胚的生长均呈S形曲线,但胚珠的迅速生长期早于胚的迅速生长期。胚达到最终长度(0.8—1.0mm)10d后,种子方才散出。从传粉至种子散出约两个半月。 讨论了杨属柱头的异形性、雌雄性核融合过程中精核的状态以及胚珠、胚和胚乳生长的相关性。The fertilization and the development of endosperm and embryo of Populus euphiatica Oliv. have been studied. The results are summarized as follows;1. The stigma is of wet type. The exudate that stained red with Sudan Ⅳ is derived from the glandular stigmatic surface cells. The cuticle gives a clear green fluorescence following auramine O staining,2. 48 hours after pollination, two sperm cells are seen in the pollen tube within the ovarian cavity. Each sperm cell contains a large nucleus that is surrounded by cytoplasm. The nucleus is spherical, about 2.5-3.0 μm in diameter, with a prominent nucleolus.3. Fertilization takes place in 8-13 days after pollination. The pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle (porogamy). The sperm nucleolus is more distinctive during the fusion of the male and female nuclear membranes. The male and female nucleoli fused together to form a new nucleolus, the fertilized egg nucleolus.4. The endosperm is of nuclear type. Cellularization begins at globular embryo stage and completes its process at heart-shaped embryo stage. The growth curve correlations of the endosperm and embryo show that the nuclear endosperm does not have a significant role in nourishing the proembryo during embryogenesis, but the cellular endosperm do provide nutrition to the developing embryo.5. After resting for 19 days, the zygote divides transversely, resulting in an apical cell and a basal cell. The apical cell divides transversely or longitudinally to form a linear or T-shaped proembryo. Globular embryo stage lasts for 10 days. Growth of the embryo follows the pattern of a typical S-shaped curve.6. Timetable from pollination of the flower to fruit maturity has been given.

关 键 词：胡杨 受精 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：S726.21[农业科学—林木遗传育种]