黑龙江野生燕麦与栽培燕麦的核型分析及其比较研究  

KARYOTYPIC ANALYSES AND COMPARISON OF WILD OATS (Avena fatua) AND CULTIVATED OATS (Arena sativa)

作　　者：张伦 

机构地区：[1]贵州省生物研究所,贵阳550000

出　　处：《草业科学》1993年第6期8-11,15,共5页Pratacultural Science

摘　　要：对黑龙江野生燕麦(Avena farua)和栽培燕麦(Avena sativa)的染色体组型观察分析,绘制核型模式图,并进行比较研究,结果表明:黑龙江野生燕麦与栽培燕麦的六倍体染色体数目皆为2n=6x=42。除 NO.1、NO.3、NO.6染色体黑龙江野生燕麦皆为“m”型而栽培燕麦皆为“sm”型之外,其余的18对染色体类型皆一一对应一致。黑龙江野生燕麦的核型公式为2n=6x=42=28m(2STA)+14sm,栽培燕麦的是2n=6x=42=22m+20sm。在黑龙江野生燕麦的NO.3染色体—臂上可见一对明显的随体,而在栽培燕麦的核型分析中未发现有随体染色体。另外,黑龙江野生燕麦的核型类别为较原始的“2A”型,而栽培燕麦的核型类别是比“2A”型较进行的“2B”型。Karyotypes of the wild oats of Heilongjiang,the cultivated oats were analysed.Model pictures were drawn,and comparison research war performed.The results showed that the number of the hexaploid chromosomes of all these plants in 2n=6x=42.The wild oats and the cultivated oats have 18 pairs of same chromosomal classifications except those of NO.1,3 and 6.These three pairs of chromosomal classifications are m type in the wild oats,but sm type in the cultivated oats.The karyotypic formula of the wild oats is 2n=6x=42=28m(2STA)+14sm,and that of cultivated oats is 2n=6x=42=22m+20sm. The wild oats has a pair of satellites on the NO.3 chromosome.However,the satellites are not found on the chromosomes of the cultivated oats.Furthermore,the karyotype of the wild oats is proximately symmetrical and primitive 2A type;and that of the cultivated oats unsymmetrical and evolved 2B type.

关 键 词：黑龙江 野生燕麦 栽培燕麦 核型 

分 类 号：S543.703.2[农业科学—作物学]