不同轮牧强度对天山北坡低山带蒿属荒漠春秋场土草畜影响研究  

The Comprehensive Effects of Different Rotational Grazing Intensities (DRGI) on the Soil,Grassland and Sheep Production in a Spring—Autumn Pasture of Sagebruch Desert in the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain

作　　者：李建龙[1] 许鹏[1] 孟林[1] 王建华 

机构地区：[1]新疆八一农学院草原系,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业学报》1993年第2期60-65,共6页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：1987年至1990年在新疆石河子紫泥泉种羊场,按春秋两季进行了不同强度的分区轮牧试验。研究结果表明,不同轮牧强度对土壤物理性状(0～30厘米)、牧草地上部产量、家畜牧草采食率、再生草产量和绵羊生产性能有显著影响(P<0.05);经本文8项指标分析评价,放牧强度以中牧,即牧草利用率50％,最为适宜,它不仅增加了草地产量(比过牧增产60％)和改善了草地组成结构(优良牧草占总产26.3％),而且有利于绵羊增重(119.5克/日·头)和羊毛生产(5.4公斤/年·头);并在本试验条件下,分四区两季轮牧的载畜量(6头/公顷)比自由放牧提高2倍。该类草地在适度放牧下,其草地群落向蒿类+多年生草本类型方向进展演替;反之,经多年过牧后,则向蒿类+一年生草本类型方向退化演替。The study on the DRGI experiments was conducted on Ziniquan ranch, Shihezi city, Xinjiang, China in spring—sutumn two seasons in 1987—1990. The results showed that the soil compactions (0--30cm) , herbage yields, grazing rates, regrowth herbage yields and sheep productions were affected significantly by the DRGI (p<0. 05). And by eight index comprehensive evaluation in this paper, it was considered that the moderately grazing (herbage utilizing rate 50%) was the best and the adaptive grazing intensity, resulted from increasing grassland herbage yields (60× more than overgrazing) and improving grassland botanical compositions (the best grass/gross grass yield = 26.3%), and conduced to raising sheep weights (119. 5g/day, sheep) and wool productions (5. 4kg/sheep). In the experimental condition, the carrying capacity (6 sheep/ha) of rotational grazing in 4 regions and 2 easons was 2 times more than that of grazing uncontrolled.

关 键 词：轮牧 放牧强度 春秋牧场 牧场 

分 类 号：S812.95[农业科学—草业科学]