理论自信视域下历史唯物主义对现代性批判的超越——施特劳斯现代性批判理论研究  

The Transcendence of Historical Materialism to Modernity Criticism from the Perspective of Theoretical Self-Confidence—A Study on the Critical Theory of Modernity of Strauss

作　　者：朱涵彬 鲍雅莉 

机构地区：[1]湖南医药学院,湖南 怀化 [2]新疆社会科学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐

出　　处：《哲学进展》2022年第4期527-533,共7页Advances in Philosophy

摘　　要：现代化的进程中现代性不断地展现出弊端,这些弊端被现代哲人称为现代性危机,有甚者认为这些危机遮蔽了启蒙以来人们树立的现代信念。因此从现代性肇始,现代性批判也随之而来,但是最初的现代批判与其说是批判,不如说是否定的肯定,起着推动作用。当现代性危机展现,现代性的批判虽言辞犀利,声色俱下,但是依旧是站在西方现代视域下进行现代批判,所作的无非是隔靴搔痒的无奈之举。对现代性的批判,必须超脱资产阶级的现代视域,只有跳出现代性视域才能发现现代性真正的弊端。而马克思的历史唯物主义是正给我们了这样一种视域。在历史唯物主义中,人是绝对的主体,实践活动中的人才是历史发展的在场者,历史发展的过程是“人”的实践活动在不断推进,可以说,“人”承载着历史活动中的记忆、传统、考量、现实、行动、实践、判断、价值和未来期许。马克思用历史唯物主义用实践着的人,将西方哲学从形而上的玄思拉回到人间,将西方现代性批判性定格于现实领域,完成了对西方现代性批判质的超越。而马克思历史唯物主义对西方现代性批判的超越对于我们新时代坚定理论自信起着至关重要的作用。In the process of modernization, the disadvantages of modernity are constantly presented, which are called the crisis of modernity by modern philosophers. Some even think that these crises cover up the modern beliefs established by people since the enlightenment. Therefore, from the beginning of modernity, modernity criticism followed, but the original modern criticism is not so much criticism as negative affirmation, playing a driving role. When the crisis of modernity unfolds, though the criticism of modernity is sharp and impassive, it still criticizes modernity from the perspective of western modernity, which is nothing but a helpless act of scratching the surface. The criticism of modernity must go beyond the modern vision of the bourgeoisie, and only by jumping out of the modern vision can we find the real disadvantages of modernity. Marx’s historical materialism gives us just such a vision. In historical materialism, human is the main part of the absolute, the practice of talent is present in the development of history, the process of historical development is “human” practice in advance, it can be said that the “people” bearing the memory in the event of history, tradition, considerations, realistic, judgment, action, practice, value and expectation in the future. Marx used historical materialism to practice the man, pulled the Western philosophy from metaphysical thinking back to the world, froze the western modernity criticism in the field of reality, and completed the qualitative transcendence of western modernity criticism. The transcendence of Marx’s historical materialism to the criticism of western modernity plays a vital role in our firm theoretical confidence in the new era.

关 键 词：历史唯物主义 理论自信 现代性批判 现代性方案 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]