马克思对费尔巴哈、施蒂纳的批判及“现实的人”的确立  

Marx’s Criticism of Feuerbach and Stirner and the Establishment of “Real Man”

作　　者：黄铃 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学马克思主义学院,广东 广州

出　　处：《哲学进展》2023年第9期1847-1851,共5页Advances in Philosophy

摘　　要：费尔巴哈和施蒂纳作为青年黑格尔派的重要成员,都妄图推翻黑格尔认为个体只是类的利益实现工具,绝对精神作为类意识凌驾于个体之上的观点。费尔巴哈以“实在的和完整的人的实体”为出发点,指出作为自然存在物,“人是人的最高本质”,将哲学的主题从思辨的逻辑拉回到现实的人和自然;施蒂纳在批判费尔巴哈“人的宗教”的基础上,主张绝对的“唯我论”和利己主义,宣称被泯灭于抽象类本质的个体是受压迫且不具真实性的个体,应该将“人”从个人中剔除。马克思在揭示二者思想局限性的基础上对其进行批判和吸收,提出了“现实的人”的概念,创立了马克思自己的人本思想,指出了人的本质是一切社会关系的总和,促使和推进每个人朝着自由而全面的发展方向更进一步。Feuerbach and Stirner, as important members of the Young Hegelian School, both tried to overthrow Hegel’s view that the individual is only a tool for the realization of the interests of the species, and that the Absolute Spirit, as the consciousness of the species, is above the individual. Starting from “the real and complete human entity”, Feuerbach pointed out that as a natural existence, “man is the highest essence of man”, pulling the theme of philosophy from speculative logic back to the real man and nature;On the basis of criticizing Feuerbach’s “religion of man”, Stirner advocated absolute “solipsism” and egoism, declaring that the individual who is annihilated in the essence of the abstract class is an oppressed and unreal individual, and should Take “person” out of personal. On the basis of revealing the limitations of the two thoughts, Marx criticized and absorbed them, put forward the concept of “real man”, created Marx’s own humanistic thought, pointed out that the essence of man is the sum of all social relations, and promoted and pushed individuals one step further in the direction of free and comprehensive development.

关 键 词：人的本质 “唯我论” 现实的人 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]