马克思主义视域下婚姻自由及其实现路径探究——读恩格斯《家庭、私有制与国家的起源》  

Research on Marriage Freedom and Its Realization Path from the Perspective of Marxism—Reading Engels’ Private Property in the Family and the Origin of the State

作　　者：娄梦瑶 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学马克思主义学院,上海

出　　处：《哲学进展》2023年第12期2417-2423,共7页Advances in Philosophy

摘　　要：从马克思主义唯物史观的观点来看,人类解放是社会历史发展的必然趋势,资本主义社会必将为共产主义社会所取代。正如马克思和恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中论述的那样:“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的旧社会的,将是这样一个联合体,在那里,每个人的自由发展是一切人自由发展的条件”。婚姻的不自由在于私有制,正如恩格斯《家庭、私有制与国家的起源》中所说:“结婚的充分自由,只有在消灭了资本主义生产和它所造成的财产关系之后,才能普遍实现”。然而,真正实现婚姻自由则需要社会生产力和自身素质的提高以及社会思想文化的改善。通过分析婚姻自由的含义与内容,本文认为在马克思主义视域下婚姻自由是男女基于自身意愿的结合或离异,完全不受外部环境的干涉,是未来社会的社会生活环境的基本内容之一。本文总结了恩格斯在《家庭、私有制与国家的起源》中五种婚姻形式的发展历史,进而论述了婚姻自由的当代困境,主要包括婚姻基础多元化、实现形式商业化、婚姻属性畸形化,最后探讨了马克思主义婚姻自由的实现路径,认为只有实现社会生产力提高、改善社会思想文化、适时进行婚姻制度改革,婚姻自由才得以更好地实现。From the viewpoint of Marxist historical materialism, human emancipation is an inevitable trend in the development of social history, and capitalist society will inevitably be replaced by communist society. As Marx and Engels argued in the Communist Manifesto: “In place of the old society, where there were classes and class antagonisms, there will be a union where the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all”. The unfreedom of marriage lies in private ownership, as Engels said in Private Property in the Family and the Origin of the State: “The full freedom of marriage can only be universally realized when capitalist production and the property relations it creates are abolished”. However, the need to truly realize the freedom of marriage requires the improvement of social productive forces and one’s own quality, as well as the improvement of social ideology and culture. By analyzing the meaning and content of the freedom of marriage, this paper argues that the freedom of marriage is the union or divorce of men and women based on their own wishes from the perspective of Marxism, which is completely free from the interference of the ex-ternal environment, and is one of the basic contents of the social life environment of the future society. This paper summarizes the development history of five marriage forms in Engels’ Private Property in the Family and the Origin of the State, then discusses the contemporary dilemma of freedom of marriage, mainly including marriage foundation diversification, realization form commercialization and marriage attribute deformity, finally discusses the Marxist freedom of marriage path, think only to improve social productivity, improve social ideology and culture and timely marriage system reform, can the freedom of marriage be better realized.

关 键 词：马克思 婚姻自由 实现路径 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]